Soil electrical conductivity as a proxy for enhanced weathering in soils

IF 3.3 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Lukas Rieder, T. Amann, Jens Hartmann
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Abstract

To effectively monitor and verify carbon dioxide removal through enhanced weathering (EW), this study investigates the use of soil electrical conductivity (EC) and volumetric water content (θ) as proxies for alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil water. EC-θ sensors offer a cost-effective and straightforward alternative to traditional soil and water sampling methods. In a lab experiment, three different substrates were treated with NaHCO3 solutions to increase the alkalinity of the soil water and analyze the response. The combination of EC and θ to track the increase in carbonate alkalinity due to EW, and therefore CO2 consumption, is applicable for low cation exchange capacity (CEC) soil-substrates like the used quartz sand. However, the presence of organic material and pH-dependent CEC complicates the detection of clear weathering signals in soils. In organic-rich and clay-rich soils, only a high alkalinity addition has created a clear EC signal that could be distinguished from a non-alkaline baseline with purified water. Cation exchange experiments revealed that the used soil buffered alkalinity input and thereby might consume freshly generated alkalinity, initially mitigating CO2 uptake effects from EW application. Effective CEC changes with pH and pH buffering capacity by other pathways need to be considered when quantifying the CO2 sequestration potential by EW in soils. This should be estimated before the application of EW and should be part of the monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) strategy. Once the soil-effective CEC is raised, the weathering process might work differently in the long term.
土壤电导率作为土壤风化增强的代用指标
为了有效监测和验证通过强化风化作用(EW)去除二氧化碳的情况,本研究调查了土壤电导率(EC)和体积含水量(θ)作为土壤水碱度和溶解无机碳(DIC)替代物的使用情况。EC-θ 传感器为传统的土壤和水取样方法提供了一种经济、直接的替代方法。在实验室实验中,用 NaHCO3 溶液处理了三种不同的基质,以增加土壤水的碱度并分析其反应。结合 EC 和 θ 来跟踪 EW 导致的碳酸盐碱度的增加,从而跟踪二氧化碳的消耗,适用于低阳离子交换容量(CEC)的土壤基质,如所用的石英砂。然而,有机物的存在和与 pH 值相关的 CEC 使检测土壤中明确的风化信号变得复杂。在富含有机物和粘土的土壤中,只有添加高碱度后才能产生清晰的导电率信号,并能通过纯水与非碱性基线区分开来。阳离子交换实验表明,使用过的土壤可以缓冲碱度的输入,从而消耗新产生的碱度,初步缓解了施用 EW 所产生的二氧化碳吸收效应。在量化 EW 在土壤中封存二氧化碳的潜力时,需要考虑有效的 CEC 随 pH 值的变化以及其他途径的 pH 缓冲能力。这应在施用 EW 之前进行估算,并应成为监测报告和验证 (MRV) 策略的一部分。一旦土壤有效 CEC 提高,风化过程可能会以不同的方式长期发挥作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Climate
Frontiers in Climate Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
233
审稿时长
15 weeks
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