Effects of seed treatment on cassava stake performance, whitefly population, disease incidence, and yield performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Malawi

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI:10.3389/fagro.2023.1303869

Charles Chigemezu Nwokoro, Donald Kachigamba, Margaret Chiipanthenga, Dominik Klauser, Michael Robinson, Robert Berlin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the vector for two of the crop’s major viral diseases – cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), causing severe economic losses for farmers. In this context, we conducted an on-farm experiment to study the efficiency of a seed treatment technology containing thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl for rapid multiplication of superior cassava genotypes and early protection of the crop against whitefly at Salima and Nkhotakota, central Malawi in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping seasons, respectively.The trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The effect of the application of the seed treatment on stake germination, whitefly population, CMD and CBSD incidences, and stem and storage root yields of three cassava varieties (Kalawe, Mbundumali, and Sauti) at three stake sizes (8 cm, 16 cm, and 25 cm) was compared with control – a 25 cm stake size of each of the cassava variety without seed treatment. A benefit-cost analysis was conducted to determine the profitability of the seed treatment technology for each stake size under certified and non-certified stem scenarios.Regardless of stake size and variety, plant germination was highest (96% by 16%) and mean whitefly population lowest (adult 0.4 vs. 3.0 plant-1; nymph 1.0 vs. 3.3 plant-1) with seed treatment application than without. Disease incidence measurements showed no significant effect of seed treatment on CBSD control (p = 0.31), but it reduced CMD incidence by 17% vs. 20% in the untreated. Stem and storage root yields across stake size and cassava variety were highest with seed treatment; 489 bundles ha-1 and 10 (DM) Mg ha-1, respectively. Using the 8 cm stake regardless of variety resulted in the highest average benefit-cost ratio for certified (18.3 USD USD-1) and non-certified (7.8 USD USD-1) cassava stem scenarios.We conclude that the application of the seed treatment tested in this study would offer protection to planted stakes, increase their germination, reduce whitefly population, increase stem and storage root yields in areas experiencing whitefly pressure, and result in high economic profits.

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种子处理对马拉维木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz）木桩表现、粉虱数量、病害发生率和产量表现的影响

粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）是木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz）的害虫，也是木薯的两种主要病毒病--木薯马赛克病（CMD）和木薯褐条病（CBSD）的传播媒介，给农民造成了严重的经济损失。在这种情况下，我们进行了一项农场试验，研究含有噻虫嗪、氟虫腈和甲霜灵的种子处理技术的效率，以便在2019/2020年和2020/2021年种植季节分别在马拉维中部的萨利马和恩科塔科塔快速繁殖优良木薯基因型并早期保护作物免受粉虱危害。将种子处理对三种木薯品种（Kalawe、Mbundumali 和 Sauti）在三种木桩尺寸（8 厘米、16 厘米和 25 厘米）下的木桩发芽率、粉虱数量、CMD 和 CBSD 发生率以及茎和贮藏根产量的影响与对照（每种木薯品种的木桩尺寸均为 25 厘米，且未进行种子处理）进行了比较。无论木薯桩的大小和品种如何，施用种子处理剂的木薯发芽率最高（96% 对 16%），平均粉虱数量最低（成虫 0.4 对 3.0 株-1；若虫 1.0 对 3.3 株-1）。病害发生率测量结果表明，种子处理对 CBSD 的控制没有显著影响（p = 0.31），但它使 CMD 的发生率降低了 17%，而未处理的发生率降低了 20%。不同木桩尺寸和木薯品种的茎和贮藏根产量在种子处理后最高；分别为 489 束/公顷和 10 (DM) 兆克/公顷。我们的结论是，本研究中测试的种子处理方法可为种植木桩提供保护，提高木桩发芽率，减少粉虱数量，在粉虱压力大的地区提高木桩和储藏根的产量，并带来高经济效益。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

567

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Electronic Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of electronic materials. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials science, engineering, optics, physics, and chemistry into important applications of electronic materials. Sample research topics that span the journal's scope are inorganic, organic, ionic and polymeric materials with properties that include conducting, semiconducting, superconducting, insulating, dielectric, magnetic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and thermoelectric. Indexed/Abstracted： Web of Science SCIE Scopus CAS INSPEC Portico