A Review on the Effects of Crude Oil Spill on Aquatic Life (Fish) in The Niger Delta, Nigeria

Igbani Flourizel, Tatah Gideon Weapngong, Odekina Martins Ukwubile
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Abstract

The discovery of crude oil in commercial quantities in the Niger Delta was echoes of riches and wealth to the region and the country, Nigeria but the Niger Delta environment and aquatic ecosystems suffers great anthropogenic pollutions to its biodiversity: birds, animals, plants and crops; fishes and wildlife. This article has reviewed the effects of crude oil spill on the aquatic life (fish) in the Niger Delta, examining cases of oil spill incidences, impacts of oil exploration and exploitation on the environment, management of oil spill on living aquatic resources; biomagnification and threat to biodiversity and food security. It also examined the extent of crude oil removal techniques, and finally proffer possible mitigations and compensations for oil spills incidences in the Niger Delta. We are left with a great question: can gas flaring and illegal refineries be stopped, in the Niger Delta? The Niger Delta waters and the aquatic biodiversity should be protected; the government and multi-national oil companies should launch a clean-up programme on the affected areas/the region, and the management of spills (both of catastrophic and local dimensions) will play a leading role by enacting and enforcing stringent environmental laws that will protect the oil producing communities/areas. Government should be able to identify natural resources (such as wetlands and coastal zones) in Nigeria and monetary investment in environmental protection of vulnerable areas should be seriously looked into.
关于原油泄漏对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲水生生物(鱼类)影响的综述
在尼日尔三角洲发现商业数量的原油为该地区和尼日利亚带来了财富,但尼日尔三角洲的环境和水生生态系统却遭受了巨大的人为污染,其生物多样性包括鸟类、动物、植物和作物;鱼类和野生动物。本文回顾了原油泄漏对尼日尔三角洲水生生物(鱼类)的影响,研究了石油泄漏事件、石油勘探和开采对环境的影响、石油泄漏对水生生物资源的管理、生物放大以及对生物多样性和粮食安全的威胁。报告还研究了原油清除技术的范围,最后提出了尼日尔河三角洲石油泄漏事件可能的缓解和补偿措施。我们面临一个巨大的问题:在尼日尔三角洲,天然气燃烧和非法炼油厂能否停止?尼日尔河三角洲水域和水生生物多样性应得到保护;政府和跨国石油公司应在受影响地区/区域启动一项清理计划,并通过颁布和执行严格的环境法来保护石油生产社区/区域,从而在泄漏管理(包括灾难性和地方性泄漏)方面发挥主导作用。政府应能够确定尼日利亚的自然资源(如湿地和沿海地区),并应认真考虑对脆弱地区的环境保护进行货币投资。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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