Retrospective Analysis of Trends of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures in Patients Reporting to a Tertiary Health Center—Our Experience

Abstract

A six years retrospective observational study was conducted on 183 patients with Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. We analyzed prevalence of age, gender distribution, etiology, location and mode of treatment. In our study, the mean age was 33±14.5, gender distribution 68% males and 32% females, etiology of ZMC fractures was 114 road traffic accident (RTA), 44 falls, 12 sports injuries, five interpersonal violence, four animal bites, and four work-related. Results show that the treatment options applied are 37 conservative management and 146 open reduction internal fixation. In this study, male predilection to ZMC fractures was seen, RTA being the most common etiology and the most common site of fracture was Zygomaticomaxillary buttress region. There are different treatment protocols for the management of ZMC fractures. In our study, two-point fixation was the most common (35%). Concluding upon our experience and the results derived from our study, various methods are used to stabilize zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Relying upon the characteristics of the fracture, open reduction and internal fixation with mini plates is the most reliable modality providing three-dimensional stability.