Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Membranes Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI:10.3390/membranes14010023

Stef Depuydt, Bart Van der Bruggen

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Abstract

Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas-liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv^® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.

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阳离子交换膜的绿色合成：综述。

阳离子交换膜（CEM）在向更可持续/绿色社会过渡的过程中发挥着重要作用。它们是水电解、人工光合作用、电渗析和燃料电池等应用的重要组成部分。然而，它们的合成远非可持续，会影响安全、健康和环境。本综述将讨论和评估合成更具可持续性和绿色的 CEMs 的可能性。首先，讨论绿色和可持续化学的概念。随后，本综述讨论了传统全氟 CEM 的制造及其如何违反绿色/可持续原则，最终导致环境和健康事故。此外，还介绍了绿色 CEM 的合成，将合成分为三个部分：磺化、材料选择和溶剂选择。使用气态 SO3 或气液界面等离子体技术的创新可使磺化过程更具可持续性。在聚合物的选择方面，壳聚糖、纤维素、聚乳酸、海藻酸、卡拉胶和纤维素是化石燃料聚合物的有前途的替代品。最后，水是最可持续的溶剂，许多生物聚合物都能溶于水。对于其他聚合物，使用绿色溶剂的研究数量有限。在其他膜中也发现了有前景的溶剂，如二甲基亚砜、Cyrene™、Rhodiasolv® PolarClean、TamiSolve NxG 和 γ-缬内酯。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Membranes Chemical Engineering-Filtration and Separation

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

16.70%

发文量

1071

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of separation science and technology. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and technical notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided.