The role of HLA genetic variants in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality: A global review

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI:10.1002/jcla.25005

Taraneh Hoseinnezhad, Nasrin Soltani, Sarina Ziarati, Emad Behboudi, Mohammad Javad Mousavi

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Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, with variations in susceptibility, severity, and mortality rates across different regions. While many factors can contribute to the spread and impact of the disease, specifically human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic variants have emerged as potential contributors to COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods

In this comprehensive narrative review, we conducted a thorough literature search to identify relevant studies investigating the association between HLA genetic variants and COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, we analyzed allelic frequency data from diverse populations to assess differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity.

Results

Our review provides insights into the immunological mechanisms involving HLA-mediated responses to COVID-19 and highlights potential research directions and therapeutic interventions. We found evidence suggesting that certain HLA alleles, such as HLA-A02, may confer a lower risk of COVID-19, while others, like HLA-C04, may increase the risk of severe symptoms and mortality. Furthermore, our analysis of allele frequency distributions revealed significant variations among different populations.

Conclusion

Considering host genetic variations, particularly HLA genetic variants, is crucial for understanding COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. These findings have implications for personalized treatment and interventions based on an individual's genetic profile. However, further research is needed to unravel the precise mechanisms underlying the observed associations and explore the potential for targeted therapies or preventive measures based on HLA genetic variants.

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HLA 遗传变异在 COVID-19 易感性、严重性和死亡率中的作用：全球综述。

背景：COVID-19 大流行对全球影响深远，不同地区的易感性、严重程度和死亡率各不相同。虽然有很多因素会导致该疾病的传播和影响，但人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因变异是导致 COVID-19 结果的潜在因素：在这篇综合叙述性综述中，我们进行了全面的文献检索，以确定调查 HLA 遗传变异与 COVID-19 结果之间关联的相关研究。此外，我们还分析了来自不同人群的等位基因频率数据，以评估 COVID-19 发病率和严重程度的差异：我们的综述深入揭示了涉及 HLA 介导的 COVID-19 反应的免疫学机制，并强调了潜在的研究方向和治疗干预措施。我们发现有证据表明，某些 HLA 等位基因（如 HLA-A02）可能会降低 COVID-19 的发病风险，而另一些 HLA 等位基因（如 HLA-C04）则可能会增加严重症状和死亡的风险。此外，我们对等位基因频率分布的分析表明，不同人群之间存在显著差异：结论：考虑宿主基因变异，尤其是 HLA 基因变异，对于了解 COVID-19 的易感性和严重性至关重要。这些发现对基于个体遗传特征的个性化治疗和干预具有重要意义。然而，还需要进一步的研究来揭示所观察到的关联的确切机制，并探索基于 HLA 基因变异的靶向治疗或预防措施的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

7.40%

发文量

584

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis publishes original articles on newly developing modes of technology and laboratory assays, with emphasis on their application in current and future clinical laboratory testing. This includes reports from the following fields: immunochemistry and toxicology, hematology and hematopathology, immunopathology, molecular diagnostics, microbiology, genetic testing, immunohematology, and clinical chemistry.