Use of human intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of 12 dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in dogs with newly diagnosed malignancy and presumed secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

Materials and Methods

Twelve client-owned dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia were prospectively enrolled to receive a single infusion of human intravenous immunoglobulin at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg intravenous over 8 hours. A complete treatment response was defined as a platelet estimation of ≥40,000 platelets/μL within 24 hours and a partial response within 48 hours from the completion of human intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. No treatment response was defined as a platelet estimation remaining <40,000 platelets/μL over 48 hours from the completion of the human intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. This pilot study had a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled design.

Results

Out of the 12 enrolled dogs, seven completed the study. A complete treatment response to human intravenous immunoglobulin was identified in one lymphoma dog and a partial response was noted in another lymphoma dog. The remaining 10 dogs had no response to human intravenous immunoglobulin. No clinically relevant adverse reactions to human intravenous immunoglobulin occurred in any of the 12 initially enrolled dogs during the infusion and over a 3-month follow-up period for the seven surviving dogs.

Clinical Significance

The results of this study suggest that the use of human intravenous immunoglobulin in dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia appears safe, but not effective for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. Larger multi-centre, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, outcome-based, malignancy-specific studies are needed to further evaluate these preliminary findings.