{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy.","authors":"Jessica L Xing, Baldassarre Stea","doi":"10.1007/s10585-023-10260-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy is an area of active investigation and discovery as its clinical applications have the potential to improve cancer patients' outcomes. In addition to the traditional pathways of radiation biology, our knowledge now includes molecular pathways of radiation sensitivity and resistance which have provided insights into potential targets for enhancing radiotherapy efficacy. Sensitivity to radiotherapy is influenced by the intricate interplay of various molecular mechanisms involved in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and epigenetics. Translationally, there have been several successful applications of this new knowledge into the clinic, such as biomarkers for improved response to chemo-radiation. New therapies to modify radiation response, such as the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, derived from research on DNA repair pathways leading to radiotherapy resistance, are being used clinically. In addition, p53-mediated pathways are critical for DNA damage related apoptosis, cellular senescence, and cell cycle arrest. As the understanding of genetic markers, molecular profiling, molecular imaging, and functional assays improve, these advances once translated clinically, will help propel modern radiation therapy towards more precise and individualized practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":10267,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Metastasis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical & Experimental Metastasis","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-023-10260-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy is an area of active investigation and discovery as its clinical applications have the potential to improve cancer patients' outcomes. In addition to the traditional pathways of radiation biology, our knowledge now includes molecular pathways of radiation sensitivity and resistance which have provided insights into potential targets for enhancing radiotherapy efficacy. Sensitivity to radiotherapy is influenced by the intricate interplay of various molecular mechanisms involved in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and epigenetics. Translationally, there have been several successful applications of this new knowledge into the clinic, such as biomarkers for improved response to chemo-radiation. New therapies to modify radiation response, such as the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, derived from research on DNA repair pathways leading to radiotherapy resistance, are being used clinically. In addition, p53-mediated pathways are critical for DNA damage related apoptosis, cellular senescence, and cell cycle arrest. As the understanding of genetic markers, molecular profiling, molecular imaging, and functional assays improve, these advances once translated clinically, will help propel modern radiation therapy towards more precise and individualized practices.
放疗敏感性和耐药性的分子机制是一个积极研究和探索的领域,因为其临床应用有可能改善癌症患者的预后。除了传统的放射生物学途径外,我们现在的知识还包括放射敏感性和耐药性的分子途径,这些途径为提高放疗疗效的潜在靶点提供了见解。放疗的敏感性受 DNA 损伤修复、细胞凋亡、细胞衰老和表观遗传学中各种分子机制错综复杂的相互作用的影响。从转化角度看,这些新知识已成功应用于临床,如改善化疗和放疗反应的生物标志物。改变放射反应的新疗法,如多(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂,源于对导致放疗耐药性的 DNA 修复途径的研究,目前已应用于临床。此外,p53 介导的途径对于 DNA 损伤相关的细胞凋亡、细胞衰老和细胞周期停滞至关重要。随着对遗传标记、分子剖析、分子成像和功能测定的了解不断加深,这些进展一旦应用于临床,将有助于推动现代放射治疗向更精确、更个体化的方向发展。
期刊介绍:
The Journal''s scope encompasses all aspects of metastasis research, whether laboratory-based, experimental or clinical and therapeutic. It covers such areas as molecular biology, pharmacology, tumor biology, and clinical cancer treatment (with all its subdivisions of surgery, chemotherapy and radio-therapy as well as pathology and epidemiology) insofar as these disciplines are concerned with the Journal''s core subject of metastasis formation, prevention and treatment.