The role of Toll-like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management

IF 10.9 1区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL
Kiarash Saleki, Parsa Alijanizadeh, Nima Javanmehr, Nima Rezaei
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, headaches, and epilepsy. In addition to their main neuropathology that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), lately, studies have highlighted the role of immunity and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems via adaptor proteins (e.g., MYD88) and downstream elements; TLRs are classified into 13 families that are involved in normal function and illnesses of the CNS. TLRs expression affects the course of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is influenced during their pharmacotherapy; For example, the expression of multiple TLRs is normalized during the major depressive disorder pharmacotherapy. Here, the role of TLRs in neuroimmunology, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. We recommend longitudinal studies to comparatively assess the cell-type-specific expression of TLRs during treatment, illness progression, and remission. Also, further research should explore molecular insights into TLRs regulation and related pathways.

Abstract Image

Toll 样受体在神经精神疾病中的作用:免疫病理学、治疗和管理。
神经精神障碍是指涉及神经学和精神病学的一系列疾病。这些疾病包括抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、自闭症谱系障碍、头痛和癫痫。除了主要位于中枢神经系统(CNS)的神经病理学外,最近的研究还强调了免疫和神经炎症在神经精神疾病中的作用。Toll 样受体(TLRs)是一种先天性受体,通过适配蛋白(如 MYD88)和下游元件充当先天性免疫系统和适应性免疫系统之间的桥梁;TLRs 可分为 13 个家族,它们参与中枢神经系统的正常功能和疾病。TLRs 的表达影响神经精神疾病的病程,并在药物治疗过程中受到影响;例如,在重度抑郁症药物治疗过程中,多种 TLRs 的表达趋于正常。在此,我们将讨论 TLRs 在神经免疫学、治疗和神经精神疾病管理中的作用。我们建议开展纵向研究,比较评估治疗、疾病进展和缓解过程中 TLRs 的细胞特异性表达。此外,进一步的研究应探索 TLRs 调控和相关途径的分子见解。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
29.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Medicinal Research Reviews is dedicated to publishing timely and critical reviews, as well as opinion-based articles, covering a broad spectrum of topics related to medicinal research. These contributions are authored by individuals who have made significant advancements in the field. Encompassing a wide range of subjects, suitable topics include, but are not limited to, the underlying pathophysiology of crucial diseases and disease vectors, therapeutic approaches for diverse medical conditions, properties of molecular targets for therapeutic agents, innovative methodologies facilitating therapy discovery, genomics and proteomics, structure-activity correlations of drug series, development of new imaging and diagnostic tools, drug metabolism, drug delivery, and comprehensive examinations of the chemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical characteristics of significant drugs.
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