{"title":"Infrared and Terahertz Radiation Detectors Based on Opto-Acoustic Converters (a Review)","authors":"P. E. Kotlyar","doi":"10.3103/s8756699023040040","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Classic opto-acoustic detectors are popular for a number of scientific and applied uses, such as measuring weak fluxes of optical radiation in the IR and THz ranges, quantitative and qualitative analysis of gas mixtures, and studying the absorption spectra of gases and vapors. The review considers the purpose, design and evolution of the basic structural elements of classic opto-acoustic detectors. We analyze the prospects of using single-layer graphene as the most promising material for membranes. The significant increase in sensitivity is due to the exceptionally high elasticity of graphene combined with its high mechanical strength. It has been shown that using a flexible single-layer graphene membrane reduces the acoustic and vibration noise susceptibility of opto-acoustic detectors by more than three orders of magnitude with no protection against vibration. Since the graphene membrane retains high elasticity at helium temperatures, the operating range of the opto-acoustic detector can be expanded from 320 K to helium temperatures, which provides the theoretically maximum threshold sensitivity by reducing noise and opens up the possibility of using opto-acoustic detectors for astrophysical and cosmological problems. We consider capacitive, optical, tunnel and cantilever detectors of microstrains of a flexible membrane. It is shown that achieving the maximum metrological characteristics of an opto-acoustic detector is possible by combining the unique capabilities of two inventions: a single-layer graphene membrane and a tunnel microstrain detector.</p>","PeriodicalId":44919,"journal":{"name":"Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s8756699023040040","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Classic opto-acoustic detectors are popular for a number of scientific and applied uses, such as measuring weak fluxes of optical radiation in the IR and THz ranges, quantitative and qualitative analysis of gas mixtures, and studying the absorption spectra of gases and vapors. The review considers the purpose, design and evolution of the basic structural elements of classic opto-acoustic detectors. We analyze the prospects of using single-layer graphene as the most promising material for membranes. The significant increase in sensitivity is due to the exceptionally high elasticity of graphene combined with its high mechanical strength. It has been shown that using a flexible single-layer graphene membrane reduces the acoustic and vibration noise susceptibility of opto-acoustic detectors by more than three orders of magnitude with no protection against vibration. Since the graphene membrane retains high elasticity at helium temperatures, the operating range of the opto-acoustic detector can be expanded from 320 K to helium temperatures, which provides the theoretically maximum threshold sensitivity by reducing noise and opens up the possibility of using opto-acoustic detectors for astrophysical and cosmological problems. We consider capacitive, optical, tunnel and cantilever detectors of microstrains of a flexible membrane. It is shown that achieving the maximum metrological characteristics of an opto-acoustic detector is possible by combining the unique capabilities of two inventions: a single-layer graphene membrane and a tunnel microstrain detector.
摘要 经典光声探测器在许多科学和应用领域都很受欢迎，例如测量红外和太赫兹范围内的微弱光辐射通量、气体混合物的定量和定性分析以及研究气体和蒸汽的吸收光谱。本综述探讨了经典光声探测器的目的、设计和基本结构元素的演变。我们分析了使用单层石墨烯作为膜材料的前景。由于石墨烯具有极高的弹性和机械强度，其灵敏度得以显著提高。研究表明，使用柔性单层石墨烯膜可将光声探测器的声学和振动噪声易感性降低三个数量级以上，且无振动保护。由于石墨烯膜在氦气温度下仍保持高弹性，光声探测器的工作范围可从 320 K 扩展到氦气温度，从而通过降低噪声达到理论上的最大阈值灵敏度，为利用光声探测器解决天体物理和宇宙学问题提供了可能。我们考虑了柔性膜微应变的电容、光学、隧道和悬臂探测器。研究表明，将单层石墨烯膜和隧道微应变探测器这两项发明的独特功能结合起来，可以实现光声探测器的最大计量特性。
期刊介绍：
The scope of Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: analysis and synthesis of signals and images; artificial intelligence methods; automated measurement systems; physicotechnical foundations of micro- and optoelectronics; optical information technologies; systems and components; modelling in physicotechnical research; laser physics applications; computer networks and data transmission systems. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, and short communications in order to provide the widest possible coverage of latest research and development in its chosen field.
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