Assessing the health risks of dermal exposure to heavy metals dust among nail salon technicians

Work Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI:10.3233/wor-230336
S. K. Zeverdegani, Zohreh Mohebian
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nail salon technicians are susceptible to potential exposure to a diverse array of hazardous chemicals in the form of dust or vapors. One of the main routes of exposure is dermal contact. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to health risk assessment of dermal exposure to heavy dust containing heavy metals in nail salon technicians. METHODS: Dust sampling was done on the work surface of 20 available nail salon technicians. The concentration of five metals including cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and manganese were determined using ICP-MS. Afterwards, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline was used to estimate the potential health risks, including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, associated with the analyzed metals. RESULTS: Results indicated the mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Mn were 0.7953±0.4373, 0.0952±0.0264, 0.7666±0.8629, 0.4900±0.5994 and 1.134±0.4736, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of all metals was within the permissible value, while hazard index (HI) was greater than 1. The probability of cancer risk (CR) resulting from dermal exposure to Ni, Cd and Cr exceeded the acceptable risk levels (10 - 6–10–4), but CR calculated for Pb was less than allowable value. CONCLUSION: Implementation of engineering controls such as downdraft vented nail tables and portable source capture systems is necessary. Besides, the use of personal protective equipment such as disposable nitrile gloves, N95 respirator masks, and ensuring proper training on safe work practices is recommended.
评估美甲店技师皮肤接触重金属粉尘的健康风险
背景:美甲店技师可能会接触到粉尘或蒸汽形式的各种危险化学品。皮肤接触是主要的接触途径之一。目的:本研究的目的是对美甲店技师通过皮肤接触含有重金属的粉尘进行健康风险评估。方法:对 20 名美甲店技师的工作表面进行粉尘采样。使用 ICP-MS 测定了镉、铅、铬、镍和锰等五种金属的浓度。然后,根据美国环境保护局(USEPA)的指导原则来估算与分析金属有关的潜在健康风险,包括致癌和非致癌风险。结果:结果表明,铅、镉、镍、铬和锰的平均浓度分别为 0.7953±0.4373、0.0952±0.0264、0.7666±0.8629、0.4900±0.5994 和 1.134±0.4736。所有金属的危害商数(HQ)都在允许值范围内,而危害指数(HI)则大于 1。 皮肤接触镍、镉和铬所导致的癌症风险概率(CR)超过了可接受的风险水平(10 - 6-10-4),但计算得出的铅的癌症风险概率低于允许值。结论:有必要采取工程控制措施,如采用下排风钉桌和便携式源捕捉系统。此外,建议使用一次性丁腈手套、N95 呼吸面罩等个人防护设备,并确保提供适当的安全工作方法培训。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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