The risk of developing dementia in the COVID-19 pandemic; a cohort study

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI:10.1002/gps.6041

Daniel Hendrik Baron, Elizabeth Coulthard, Carslake David, Lindsey Isla Sinclair

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive decline are not fully understood. Higher social activity and relationships have been associated with decreased risk of dementia. We hypothesised that risk of transition to dementia would increase after the start of the first national lockdown.

Methods

We obtained data from the Brains for Dementia (BDR) cohort, which has collected roughly annual data on 3726 older adults with and without dementia since 2008. Data continued to be collected during the lockdowns, although by telephone and/or video call instead of in person. Individuals diagnosed with dementia at study entry were excluded from this study as were individuals with only one visit. Cognitive status was classified using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global score. Poisson regression with cubic splines to account for differences in age was used to compare the incidence of dementia before and after March 1st 2020.

Results

Out of 2242 individuals, 208 individuals developed dementia before and 50 developed dementia after 01/03/20. The incidence rate ratio of developing dementia after 01/03/20 was 0.847 (0.538–1.335) p = 0.570. In our secondary analysis we found that the positive association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia incidence decreased after 1/3/20 (interaction effect p = 0.031).

Conclusion

The incidence of dementia as defined using the CDR global score did not change significantly after the first lockdown began, but we found evidence that lockdown decreased the positive association between MCI and dementia incidence. This may reflect that individuals were progressing to dementia more rapidly and thus missing the MCI stage or that assessing patients over the phone made diagnosing MCI more challenging.

Abstract Image

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COVID-19 大流行中患痴呆症的风险；一项队列研究

目标 COVID-19 大流行对认知能力下降的影响尚未完全明了。较高的社会活动和人际关系与痴呆症风险的降低有关。我们假设，在第一次全国性封锁开始后，转变为痴呆症的风险会增加。方法我们从脑部痴呆症（BDR）队列中获得了数据，该队列自 2008 年以来每年大致收集 3726 名患有和未患有痴呆症的老年人的数据。在封锁期间，我们继续通过电话和/或视频通话收集数据，而不是当面收集。本研究不包括在研究开始时被诊断出患有痴呆症的人，也不包括只访问过一次的人。认知状态采用临床痴呆评级（CDR）的总体评分进行分类。为了比较 2020 年 3 月 1 日前和 2020 年 3 月 1 日后痴呆症的发病率，采用了泊松回归和三次样条来考虑年龄差异。结果在 2242 人中，有 208 人在 20 年 3 月 1 日前患痴呆症，50 人在 20 年 3 月 1 日后患痴呆症。20 年 3 月 1 日之后痴呆症的发病率比为 0.847 (0.538-1.335) p = 0.570。在二次分析中，我们发现轻度认知障碍（MCI）与痴呆症发病率之间的正相关关系在 1/3/20 之后有所下降（交互效应 p = 0.031）。结论使用 CDR 总体评分定义的痴呆症发病率在第一次封锁开始后没有发生显著变化，但我们发现有证据表明，封锁降低了 MCI 与痴呆症发病率之间的正相关性。这可能反映出患者的痴呆症进展更快，从而错过了 MCI 阶段，也可能反映出通过电话对患者进行评估使得诊断 MCI 更具挑战性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

2.50%

发文量

168

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The rapidly increasing world population of aged people has led to a growing need to focus attention on the problems of mental disorder in late life. The aim of the Journal is to communicate the results of original research in the causes, treatment and care of all forms of mental disorder which affect the elderly. The Journal is of interest to psychiatrists, psychologists, social scientists, nurses and others engaged in therapeutic professions, together with general neurobiological researchers. The Journal provides an international perspective on the important issue of geriatric psychiatry, and contributions are published from countries throughout the world. Topics covered include epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, clinical aetiological research, post-mortem pathological and neurochemical studies, treatment trials and evaluation of geriatric psychiatry services.