{"title":"Mediation analysis with case–control sampling: Identification and estimation in the presence of a binary mediator","authors":"Marco Doretti, Minna Genbäck, Elena Stanghellini","doi":"10.1002/bimj.202300089","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>With reference to a stratified case–control (CC) procedure based on a binary variable of primary interest, we derive the expression of the distortion induced by the sampling design on the parameters of the logistic model of a secondary variable. This is particularly relevant when performing mediation analysis (possibly in a causal framework) with stratified case–control (SCC) data in settings where both the outcome and the mediator are binary. Despite being designed for parametric identification, our strategy is general and can be used also in a nonparametric context. With reference to parametric estimation, we derive the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and the M-estimator of the joint outcome–mediator parameter vector. We then conduct a simulation study focusing on the main causal mediation quantities (i.e., natural effects) and comparing M- and ML estimation to existing methods, based on weighting. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze a German CC data set in order to investigate whether the effect of reduced immunocompetency on listeriosis onset is mediated by the intake of gastric acid suppressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55360,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bimj.202300089","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biometrical Journal","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bimj.202300089","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MATHEMATICAL & COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
With reference to a stratified case–control (CC) procedure based on a binary variable of primary interest, we derive the expression of the distortion induced by the sampling design on the parameters of the logistic model of a secondary variable. This is particularly relevant when performing mediation analysis (possibly in a causal framework) with stratified case–control (SCC) data in settings where both the outcome and the mediator are binary. Despite being designed for parametric identification, our strategy is general and can be used also in a nonparametric context. With reference to parametric estimation, we derive the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and the M-estimator of the joint outcome–mediator parameter vector. We then conduct a simulation study focusing on the main causal mediation quantities (i.e., natural effects) and comparing M- and ML estimation to existing methods, based on weighting. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze a German CC data set in order to investigate whether the effect of reduced immunocompetency on listeriosis onset is mediated by the intake of gastric acid suppressors.
参照基于二元主变量的分层病例对照(CC)程序,我们推导出抽样设计对次要变量逻辑模型参数的扭曲表达式。在结果和中介变量都是二元变量的情况下,利用分层病例对照(SCC)数据进行中介分析(可能在因果框架内)时,这一点尤为重要。尽管我们的策略是为参数识别而设计的,但它具有通用性,也可用于非参数环境。参照参数估计,我们推导出了最大似然(ML)估计器和结果-中介联合参数向量的 M-估计器。然后,我们以主要因果中介量(即自然效应)为重点进行了模拟研究,并将 M-估计法和 ML 估计法与基于加权的现有方法进行了比较。作为一个示例,我们重新分析了德国的 CC 数据集,以研究免疫能力下降对李斯特菌病发病的影响是否由胃酸抑制剂的摄入起中介作用。
期刊介绍:
Biometrical Journal publishes papers on statistical methods and their applications in life sciences including medicine, environmental sciences and agriculture. Methodological developments should be motivated by an interesting and relevant problem from these areas. Ideally the manuscript should include a description of the problem and a section detailing the application of the new methodology to the problem. Case studies, review articles and letters to the editors are also welcome. Papers containing only extensive mathematical theory are not suitable for publication in Biometrical Journal.