A giant tyrannosaur from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of southern North America and the evolution of tyrannosaurid gigantism.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-47011-0

Sebastian G Dalman, Mark A Loewen, R Alexander Pyron, Steven E Jasinski, D Edward Malinzak, Spencer G Lucas, Anthony R Fiorillo, Philip J Currie, Nicholas R Longrich

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Abstract

Tyrannosaurid dinosaurs dominated as predators in the Late Cretaceous of Laurasia, culminating in the evolution of the giant Tyrannosaurus rex, both the last and largest tyrannosaurid. Where and when Tyrannosaurini (T. rex and kin) originated remains unclear. Competing hypotheses place tyrannosaurin origins in Asia, or western North America (Laramidia). We report a new tyrannosaurin, Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis, from the Campanian-Maastrichtian Hall Lake Formation of New Mexico, based on a fossil previously referred to T. rex. T. mcraeensis predates T. rex by ~ 6-7 million years, yet rivaled it in size. Phylogenetic analysis recovers T. mcraeensis as sister to T. rex and suggests Tyrannosaurini originated in southern Laramidia. Evolution of giant tyrannosaurs in southern North America, alongside giant ceratopsians, hadrosaurs, and titanosaurs suggests large-bodied dinosaurs evolved at low latitudes in North America.

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北美南部坎盘纪-马斯特里赫特纪的巨型暴龙和暴龙类巨型化的演化。

暴龙类恐龙是劳拉西亚晚白垩世的主要掠食者，其进化的顶峰是巨大的霸王龙，它既是最后一种暴龙类，也是最大的暴龙类。暴龙类（霸王龙及其近亲）起源于何时何地仍不清楚。不同的假说认为暴龙起源于亚洲或北美洲西部（拉拉米迪亚）。我们报告了一种新的霸王龙类--暴龙麦克雷（Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis），它产于新墨西哥州的钟乳期-马斯特里赫特霍尔湖地层，是基于一种以前被认为是霸王龙的化石而发现的。麦克雷斯龙比霸王龙早约600-700万年，但在体型上却与霸王龙不相上下。系统发生学分析发现麦克雷龙是霸王龙的姊妹龙，并认为暴龙类起源于拉腊米迪亚南部。巨型暴龙在北美洲南部的进化，以及巨型角龙、黑角龙和泰坦龙的进化表明，大体型恐龙是在北美洲的低纬度地区进化的。

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来源期刊

Scientific Reports Natural Science Disciplines-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

19567

审稿时长

3.9 months

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