{"title":"Effects of Oxygen Concentration on the Reaction to Fire of Cross-Laminated Timber in a Controlled-Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10694-023-01518-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper deals with the fire reaction as well as the gas and aerosol production of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) submitted to fire in oxygen-depleted environments. A Controlled-Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter (CACC) coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used for this purpose. This combination enabled simultaneous assessments of Mass Loss Rate (MLR), evolved gases (qualitatively and quantitatively) and aerosols (size distribution and concentration) in the smoke. Several oxygen levels (21, 18, 15 and 10% O<sub>2</sub>) were studied at an external heat flux of 50 and 20 kW/m<sup>2</sup>. The combination of these two parameters allowed the response of CLT to be classified according to different fire scenarios. Indeed, an oxygen decrease shifted the combustion towards incompleteness or even prevented combustion. The production of carbon monoxide and methane was significantly promoted as well as acetaldehyde and ethene in some cases. The aerosol size distribution was slightly affected by oxygen depletion. Furthermore, decreasing the heat flux greatly reduced the decomposition rate but also promoted the production of unburnt gases.</p>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fire Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01518-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper deals with the fire reaction as well as the gas and aerosol production of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) submitted to fire in oxygen-depleted environments. A Controlled-Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter (CACC) coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used for this purpose. This combination enabled simultaneous assessments of Mass Loss Rate (MLR), evolved gases (qualitatively and quantitatively) and aerosols (size distribution and concentration) in the smoke. Several oxygen levels (21, 18, 15 and 10% O2) were studied at an external heat flux of 50 and 20 kW/m2. The combination of these two parameters allowed the response of CLT to be classified according to different fire scenarios. Indeed, an oxygen decrease shifted the combustion towards incompleteness or even prevented combustion. The production of carbon monoxide and methane was significantly promoted as well as acetaldehyde and ethene in some cases. The aerosol size distribution was slightly affected by oxygen depletion. Furthermore, decreasing the heat flux greatly reduced the decomposition rate but also promoted the production of unburnt gases.
期刊介绍：
Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis.
The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large.
It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.
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