{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in Mexican Municipalities: A Spatio-Temporal Approach","authors":"Emerson Augusto Baptista","doi":"10.1007/s12061-023-09562-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for approximately 74% of all deaths globally in 2022. Among the deaths from NCDs, the leading causes is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which represents approximately 32% of all global deaths. Furthermore, estimates indicate that over three-quarters of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of mortality from cardiovascular diseases across Mexican municipalities from 2010 to 2019. We used a spatial Bayesian hierarchical regression model based on the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) and implemented in the R-INLA package to study the spatial pattern of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Mexican municipalities. The modeling process revealed that the best model for both populations under and over 60 years old was the spatio-temporal model with space-time interaction. Overall, the purely spatial results suggest that the relative risks for both age groups (under and over 60 years old) do not have a consistent spatial pattern in 2019. On the other hand, the spatio-temporal results show that the interactions are stronger for the population over 60 years of age. This paper demonstrates the importance of assessing not only the spatial pattern of deaths, but also simultaneously incorporating temporal trends. With the understanding that this relationship (space-time) cannot be neglected, first the results of a purely spatial model are presented and, soon after, this model is expanded and the spatio-temporal results of mortality from cardiovascular diseases across Mexican municipalities from 2010 to 2019 are shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"17 2","pages":"637 - 650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12061-023-09562-7.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12061-023-09562-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for approximately 74% of all deaths globally in 2022. Among the deaths from NCDs, the leading causes is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which represents approximately 32% of all global deaths. Furthermore, estimates indicate that over three-quarters of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of mortality from cardiovascular diseases across Mexican municipalities from 2010 to 2019. We used a spatial Bayesian hierarchical regression model based on the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) and implemented in the R-INLA package to study the spatial pattern of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Mexican municipalities. The modeling process revealed that the best model for both populations under and over 60 years old was the spatio-temporal model with space-time interaction. Overall, the purely spatial results suggest that the relative risks for both age groups (under and over 60 years old) do not have a consistent spatial pattern in 2019. On the other hand, the spatio-temporal results show that the interactions are stronger for the population over 60 years of age. This paper demonstrates the importance of assessing not only the spatial pattern of deaths, but also simultaneously incorporating temporal trends. With the understanding that this relationship (space-time) cannot be neglected, first the results of a purely spatial model are presented and, soon after, this model is expanded and the spatio-temporal results of mortality from cardiovascular diseases across Mexican municipalities from 2010 to 2019 are shown.
期刊介绍:
Description
The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings
It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics
The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments
The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace.
RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts
Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management.
FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist.
Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.