Harmonizing hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide: A duo defending plants against salinity stress

Abstract

In the face of escalating salinity stress challenges in agricultural systems, this review article delves into the harmonious partnership between hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and nitric oxide (NO) as they collectively act as formidable defenders of plants. Once considered as harmful pollutants, H₂S and NO have emerged as pivotal gaseous signal molecules that profoundly influence various facets of plant life. Their roles span from enhancing seed germination to promoting overall growth and development. Moreover, these molecules play a crucial role in bolstering stress tolerance mechanisms and maintaining essential plant homeostasis. This review navigates through the intricate signaling pathways associated with H₂S and NO, elucidating their synergistic effects in combating salinity stress. We explore their potential to enhance crop productivity, thereby ensuring food security in saline-affected regions. In an era marked by pressing environmental challenges, the manipulation of H₂S and NO presents promising avenues for sustainable agriculture, offering a beacon of hope for the future of global food production.