Adenomyosis: Current knowledge, Recent Advances and Future Perspective

Abstract

Aim: Adenomyosis is an abnormal overgrowth of the endometrial tissues within the myometrium causing enlargement of the uterus. This present review will focus on clinical symptoms, diagnostic approach, image findings, complications, and management of Adenomyosis. The goal is also to highlight the recent advances in the topic. Methodology: A total of 15 articles published in various journals have been included to write the current review. PubMed, Research Gate, Scopus, Springer are some of the databases used for the literature search. Results: After reviewing the literature Adenomyosis has been discussed under the following topics 1) epidemiology (known and emerging risk factors) 2) Pathogenetic Theories (recent advances such as sequencing analysis of epithelial cells in Adenomyosis) 3) Clinical Manifestations and impact on women's fertility and pregnancy outcome 4)Diagnostic Approach, Current imaging techniques and classifications 5) Medical Management 6) Surgical Interventions (with recent advances such as UAE) 7) Future Perspective. Conclusion: The prevalence of Adenomyosis is still unknown owing to the lack of a validated standard diagnostic approach. Historically, the standard treatment of adenomyosis has been hysterectomy, but this is not always the best option, especially for women who want to preserve their fertility or for those who are poor surgical candidates.