The fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae: the influence of feed substrate and applications in the feed industry

IF 4.7 3区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI:10.1163/23524588-20230068

A. Cattaneo, M. Meneguz, S. Dabbou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The need to reduce, reuse and recycle materials by applying new strategies of circular economy instead of linear systems of disposal is becoming increasingly urgent. The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is being studied for its outstanding capacity to convert organic waste into high-value biomass and as a valuable nutrient source for animal feed. A systematic literature review identified 35 articles on BSF rearing and use in animal feed. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the lipid composition of BSF larvae, in particular their fatty acid (FA) profile and the mechanisms through which the feeding substrate influences the FA profile. BSF larvae are shown to synthesize certain FAs, such as lauric and myristic acid, even when these components are absent from their diet. Furthermore, enriching the rearing substrate with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid is reported to increase the accumulation of these FAs. The saturated FA content increases when BSF larvae are reared on a vegetable-based diet. Moreover, enriching the rearing media with materials high in omega-3 and omega-6 FAs increases their concentration in the larvae and enhances their value as a feed substrate for other animals. Indeed, the supplementation of animal feeds with BSF larvae products is being studied for application in the aquaculture, poultry, and pig farming sectors. BSF larval fats are shown to have a positive effect on animal growth performances, body composition, and gut histology, establishing BSF larvae as an environmentally-sustainable feed ingredient. This review highlights the importance of deepening our knowledge on the various aspects of BSF larvae rearing and treatments which enhance the accumulation of specific lipids and minimize lipid quality deterioration and loss. By summarizing the existing literature on BSF larvae, this article contributes to the advancement of circular economies and the development of sustainable feed practices.

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黑翅大实蝇幼虫的脂肪酸组成：饲料基质的影响及在饲料工业中的应用

通过采用新的循环经济战略而不是线性处理系统来减少、再利用和回收材料的需求正变得越来越迫切。黑兵蝇（BSF），Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)，因其将有机废物转化为高价值生物质的出色能力以及作为动物饲料的宝贵营养来源而受到研究。一项系统的文献综述发现了 35 篇有关 BSF 饲养和用于动物饲料的文章。本综述总结了我们目前对 BSF 幼虫脂质组成的了解，特别是它们的脂肪酸（FA）组成以及饲养基质影响脂肪酸组成的机制。研究表明，BSF 幼虫能合成某些脂肪酸，如月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸，即使它们的食物中缺乏这些成分。此外，据报道，在饲养基质中添加二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸可增加这些脂肪酸的积累。以蔬菜为食饲养 BSF 幼虫时，饱和脂肪酸含量会增加。此外，在饲养介质中添加富含欧米伽-3 和欧米伽-6 脂肪酸的材料，可增加幼虫体内这些脂肪酸的浓度，并提高其作为其他动物饲料基质的价值。事实上，目前正在研究用 BSF 幼虫产品补充动物饲料，以应用于水产养殖、家禽和养猪业。研究表明，BSF 幼虫脂肪对动物的生长性能、身体成分和肠道组织学有积极影响，从而确立了 BSF 幼虫作为一种环境可持续饲料原料的地位。本综述强调了深化我们对 BSF 幼虫饲养和处理各方面知识的重要性，这些知识可提高特定脂质的积累，并最大限度地减少脂质质量的恶化和损失。通过总结有关 BSF 幼虫的现有文献，本文有助于推动循环经济和可持续饲料实践的发展。

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来源期刊

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

17.60%

发文量

133

期刊介绍： The Journal of Insects as Food and Feed covers edible insects from harvesting in the wild through to industrial scale production. It publishes contributions to understanding the ecology and biology of edible insects and the factors that determine their abundance, the importance of food insects in people’s livelihoods, the value of ethno-entomological knowledge, and the role of technology transfer to assist people to utilise traditional knowledge to improve the value of insect foods in their lives. The journal aims to cover the whole chain of insect collecting or rearing to marketing edible insect products, including the development of sustainable technology, such as automation processes at affordable costs, detection, identification and mitigating of microbial contaminants, development of protocols for quality control, processing methodologies and how they affect digestibility and nutritional composition of insects, and the potential of insects to transform low value organic wastes into high protein products. At the end of the edible insect food or feed chain, marketing issues, consumer acceptance, regulation and legislation pose new research challenges. Food safety and legislation are intimately related. Consumer attitude is strongly dependent on the perceived safety. Microbial safety, toxicity due to chemical contaminants, and allergies are important issues in safety of insects as food and feed. Innovative contributions that address the multitude of aspects relevant for the utilisation of insects in increasing food and feed quality, safety and security are welcomed.