New Developmentalism: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going?

E. Oriol, Humberto Falcão Martins
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Abstract

Studies focusing on the theory of New Developmentalism have been growing in recent years. This has happened since the great crisis of Neoliberalism in 2008, which pointed to the exhaustion of the financial-rentier Neoliberal model as a solution to issues related to the development of countries. Based on this diagnosis, we proposed a bibliometric analysis that shows the past, the present, and the future possibilities (trends) within the field of New Developmentalism. For the execution of this Bibliometrics, we searched for the articles published and indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases using the search term "New Developmentalism". The result pointed to 749 published articles. The search used the term in all the search fields available in the databases, excluding no possibilities. These data were treated in “Biblioshiny” within the RStudio software and the results were analyzed to generate a mapping of the field of study. The results of this study show that this is still a new field of study and that it needs a lot of research to reach maturity. An even more evident gap is the scarcity of studies that address the macroeconomic prices important for the growth of national economies, as pointed out by the New Developmentalism Theory of Brasser-Pereira. In this gap, we identify arguments contrary to the theory that need to be addressed and empirically researched to be accepted or refuted. By working this gap, we would bring light to points not yet explored and enrich the discussions. The problem of the role of the State as a promoter of the conditions for the economic development of countries, in contrast to the Neoliberalism that advocates a minimal State, is also an aspect little explored by empirical articles, requiring further study. Another important point that needs to be addressed is the incorporation of the ecological and social agenda, especially that of income distribution in the studies of the application of the New Developmentalism Theory. In this gap, the inclusion of the third sector in the New Developmentalism Theory as an agent distinct from the State and the Market could be a solution and an innovation. The third sector's principle is to promote and bring about structural changes in society that are very important for the economic and social development of countries. This inclusion helps in the expansion of income distribution and social development processes that the State, based on rules (Bureaucracy), and the Market, based on profit (competition), are unable to accomplish. We also identify the need for a more particularized delineation of the identification of New Developmentalism Theory, generating a label that does not confuse with other theories. Thus, we seek to contribute to the field of study by showing the advances made so far and pointing out directions that can be followed by other researchers who wish to expand the study of New Developmentalism Theory.
新发展主义:我们知道什么,我们将走向何方?
近年来,以新发展主义理论为重点的研究日益增多。这是自 2008 年新自由主义大危机以来发生的,危机表明,作为解决国家发展相关问题的一种方法,新自由主义的金融租赁模式已经耗尽。基于这一判断,我们提出了一项文献计量分析,以显示新发展主义领域的过去、现在和未来的可能性(趋势)。为了进行文献计量学分析,我们使用 "新发展主义 "这一检索词搜索了在 Web of Science 和 Scopus 数据库中发表并被索引的文章。结果发现有 749 篇已发表的文章。在数据库的所有检索字段中都使用了该术语,没有排除任何可能性。RStudio 软件中的 "Biblioshiny "对这些数据进行了处理,并对结果进行了分析,以生成研究领域的图谱。研究结果表明,这仍然是一个新的研究领域,还需要大量的研究才能达到成熟。一个更为明显的差距是,正如布拉瑟-佩雷拉的新发展主义理论所指出的那样,很少有研究涉及对国民经济增长十分重要的宏观经济价格。在这一差距中,我们发现了与该理论相悖的论点,这些论点需要加以解决,并通过实证研究来接受或反驳。通过填补这一空白,我们将揭示尚未探讨的观点,丰富讨论内容。国家作为国家经济发展条件的促进者,与主张最小国家的新自由主义形成鲜明对比,这也是实证文章很少探讨的一个方面,需要进一步研究。另一个需要解决的重要问题是将生态和社会议程,特别是收入分配议程纳入新发展主义理论的应用研究中。在这一空白点上,将第三部门作为有别于国家和市场的主体纳入新发展主义理论可能是一种解决方案和创新。第三部门的原则是促进和实现社会结构变革,这对国家的经济和社会发展非常重要。这种包容有助于扩大收入分配和社会发展进程,而以规则为基础的国家(官僚制)和以利润为基础的市场(竞争)是无法做到这一点的。我们还认为,有必要对新发展主义理论的识别进行更加具体的划分,从而产生一个不会与其他理论相混淆的标签。因此,我们希望通过展示迄今为止取得的进展,并为其他希望拓展新发展主义理论研究的研究人员指明方向,从而为这一研究领域做出贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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