Radar observation and recontruction of Cosmos 1408 fragmentation

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI:10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.006

Andrea Muciaccia , Luca Facchini , Marco Felice Montaruli , Giovanni Purpura , Roberto Detomaso , Camilla Colombo , Mauro Massari , Pierluigi Di Lizia , Alessandra Di Cecco , Luca Salotti , Germano Bianchi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The population of objects in space has increased dramatically over recent decades. Space debris now represents the majority of objects in space resulting from inactive satellites, breakups, collisions and fragmentations. It has become a concern for institutions all over the world and, as such, it has led to the fostering of several programmes to counter the issues. Among these, the use of ground-based sensors for Space Surveillance Tracking (SST) activities and services and tools for analysing fragmentations play a crucial role.

This work presents the activities carried out by Politecnico di Milano, Italian Space Agency and Italian National Institute of Astrophysics in this framework, using data from SST networks and the observation measurements from Bistatic Radar for LEo Survey (BIRALES), an Italian bistatic radar belonging to the EUropean Space Surveillance and Tracking (EUSST), which contributed most to the monitoring of the cloud of fragments. Exploiting Two-Line Elements (TLEs) of observed fragments, a reverse engineering approach is used to reconstruct a fragmentation in orbit through the use of the software suite PUZZLE developed at Politecnico di Milano. The analyses focus on studying the fragmentation of the Cosmos 1408 satellite, which occurred on November 15th 2021 following an Anti-SATellite (ASAT) missile test. More than 1000 trackable pieces and millions of smaller debris (estimated from numerical analysis) were produced by this event, increasing the population of inactive objects around the Earth, and threatening nearby orbiting objects.

First, the processing method adopted from BIRALES in observing Cosmos debris is presented and discussed and a critical analysis about the derivable information is conducted. Then, these data and those from SST network observations are used to identify the epoch and the location of the fragmentation. In this procedure, the software toolkit PUZZLE, developed by Politecnico di Milano within a project funded by the Italian Space Agency and extended through the European Research Council, is used.

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宇宙 1408 号碎片的雷达观测和重构

近几十年来，空间物体的数量急剧增加。空间碎片现在占空间物体的大多数，这些物体是由不活动的卫星、解体、碰撞和碎裂造成的。这已成为全世界各机构关注的问题，因此，已制定了若干方案来应对这些问题。其中，利用地基传感器进行空间监视跟踪（SST）活动以及分析碎裂的服务和工具发挥了至关重要的作用。这项工作介绍了米兰理工大学、意大利航天局和意大利国家天体物理研究所在这一框架内开展的活动，其中使用了 SST 网络的数据，以及 Bistatic Radar for LEo Survey（BIRALES）的观测测量数据，BIRALES 是属于欧盟空间监视和跟踪（EUSST）的意大利双曲面雷达，对碎片云的监测贡献最大。利用观测到的碎片的双线元素（TLE），通过使用米兰理工大学开发的软件套件 PUZZLE，采用逆向工程方法重建轨道上的碎片。分析的重点是研究宇宙 1408 号卫星的碎裂情况，这次碎裂发生在 2021 年 11 月 15 日一次反卫星（ASAT）导弹试验之后。首先，介绍并讨论了 BIRALES 在观测宇宙碎片时采用的处理方法，并对可推导出的信息进行了批判性分析。然后，利用这些数据和来自 SST 网络观测的数据来确定碎片发生的时间和位置。在这一过程中，使用了米兰理工大学在意大利航天局资助的一个项目内开发并通过欧洲研究理事会扩展的软件工具包 PUZZLE。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.