Development of sustainable mass-rearing of locusts for food and feed in South Africa

IF 4.7 3区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI:10.1163/23524588-20230127

T. E. Mphephu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Like any other edible insects, locusts are an alternative source of protein that could supplement livestock and human foods. This study selected indigenous locust species with a high reproductive and rapid growth rate to determine the most favourable feeding plant species for locust mass-rearing. A suite of seven locust species, Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, 1787), Cantantops melanostictus (Schaum, 1870) Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758), Petamella prosternalis (Karny, 1907), Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker, 1870), Cataloipus zulvensis (Sjöstedt, 1929) and Ornithacris cyanea (Uvarov, 1924) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were collected from tribal orchards in Lufule, Tshikweta and Belleview villages in Limpopo province, South Africa and reared on the crop feeding plant species. The feeding, reproductive output (nymph production), adult longevity, and mortality of the suite of the locust species were determined on Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) and Panicum maximum jacq. (Poaceae) under the control, choice-one, choice-two, and choice-three tests. Choice-one and -two tests had three and two feeding plants, respectively. Whilst both the control and choice-three tests had a single-feeding plant species. I found that locust feeding, reproductive output, adult longevity, and mortality depended on the plant species, and this was more significant for the control, and choice-one compared to the choice-two and choice-three tests. Both the nymphs and adults of the locusts fed significantly more on P. vulgaris and Z. mays, respectively. Locust colonies exposed to P. maximum in the choice-three test reproduced and survived lesser significantly than all the tests. Results suggest that the combination of P. vulgaris and Z. mays or P. vulgaris alone can be used to mass-rear the suite of the locust species, particularly C. melanostictus, A. ruficornis and C. terminifera. Presented here are the most sustainable locust-rearing methods using crop plant species with rapid propagation responses. These results could be implemented as either extensive-or small-scale rearing for research or commercial purposes in South Africa and elsewhere.

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在南非发展可持续大规模饲养蝗虫作为食物和饲料

与其他可食用昆虫一样，蝗虫也是一种可补充牲畜和人类食物的替代蛋白质来源。这项研究选择了繁殖率高、生长速度快的本地蝗虫物种，以确定最适合蝗虫大规模饲养的饲养植物物种。研究人员从当地蝗虫部落采集了七种蝗虫，分别为 Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, 1787)、Cantantops melanostictus (Schaum, 1870) Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758)、Petamella prosternalis (Karny, 1907)、Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker, 1870)、Cataloipus zulvensis (Sjöstedt, 1929) 和 Ornithacris cyanea (Uvarov, 1924) (Orthoptera. Acrididae)：从南非林波波省的 Lufule、Tshikweta 和 Belleview 村的部落果园中采集，并在以作物为食的植物物种上饲养。在对照、选择一、选择二和选择三试验条件下，测定了蝗虫种类在玉米（Poaceae）、豆科植物 Phaseolus vulgaris L.（Fabaceae）和稗（Panicum maximum jacq.）上的取食量、生殖产量（若虫产量）、成虫寿命和死亡率。选择一和选择二试验分别有三株和两株饲草。而对照组和三选一试验都只有一种取食植物。我发现蝗虫的取食量、繁殖量、成虫寿命和死亡率都取决于植物种类，这一点在对照组和选择一试验中比选择二和选择三试验中更为明显。蝗虫的若虫和成虫分别明显更多地取食P. vulgaris和Z. mays。在 "选择三 "试验中，蝗虫群落接触最大褐飞虱后的繁殖和存活率明显低于所有试验。结果表明，结合使用 P. vulgaris 和 Z. mays 或单独使用 P. vulgaris 可以大量繁殖蝗虫品种，特别是 C. melanostictus、A. ruficornis 和 C. terminifera。这里介绍的是利用具有快速繁殖反应的农作物物种饲养蝗虫的最可持续方法。这些成果可在南非和其他地方用于研究或商业目的的大规模或小规模饲养。

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来源期刊

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

17.60%

发文量

133

期刊介绍： The Journal of Insects as Food and Feed covers edible insects from harvesting in the wild through to industrial scale production. It publishes contributions to understanding the ecology and biology of edible insects and the factors that determine their abundance, the importance of food insects in people’s livelihoods, the value of ethno-entomological knowledge, and the role of technology transfer to assist people to utilise traditional knowledge to improve the value of insect foods in their lives. The journal aims to cover the whole chain of insect collecting or rearing to marketing edible insect products, including the development of sustainable technology, such as automation processes at affordable costs, detection, identification and mitigating of microbial contaminants, development of protocols for quality control, processing methodologies and how they affect digestibility and nutritional composition of insects, and the potential of insects to transform low value organic wastes into high protein products. At the end of the edible insect food or feed chain, marketing issues, consumer acceptance, regulation and legislation pose new research challenges. Food safety and legislation are intimately related. Consumer attitude is strongly dependent on the perceived safety. Microbial safety, toxicity due to chemical contaminants, and allergies are important issues in safety of insects as food and feed. Innovative contributions that address the multitude of aspects relevant for the utilisation of insects in increasing food and feed quality, safety and security are welcomed.