Quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and its association with vitiligo extent and distribution: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Vitiligo, a globally prevalent psychocutaneous disorder (incidence: 0.1–2%), profoundly affects mental health. It often leads to depression and anxiety, particularly when more body surface area (BSA) is involved. Lesions appear on both exposed and unexposed skin, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life (QOL). The objectives of the study are to assess depression, anxiety, stress, QOL, and their relationship with BSA in vitiligo patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 50 vitiligo patients, gathering sociodemographic data using a self-designed form. BSA affected was calculated using the “rule of nines.” Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42. QOL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the World Health Organization QOL questionnaire BREF. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 20.0, adhering to ethical guidelines. Depression, anxiety, and stress rates were 36%, 38%, and 32%, respectively. Depression prevalence was 21.7% in patients with <10% BSA affected and 100% in those with >80% involvement. Vitiligo significantly impacts mental health, particularly with greater BSA involvement, leading to heightened depression rates. It is a psychodermatological condition, adversely affecting QOL, highlighting the importance of holistic care in collaboration with mental health professionals.