Pathogenetic and associative relationships between the parameters of periodontal health and bone mineral density in women living in a megalopolis

S. S. Grigorev, S. Sablina, T. Elovikova, A. G. Zakroeva, V. Krokhalev, M. I. Fominykh, B. K. Urgunaliev, V. V. Ivanova
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Abstract

Relevance. Osteoporosis and chronic periodontitis are serious issues of modern life. The hypothesis that these two diseases are associated is still open-ended and doesn’t allow setting the record straight for the lack of sufficient evidence.Purpose. The study aimed to detect the relationship between periodontal health parameters and mineral bone density characteristics in postmenopausal women.Material and methods. The study examined 109 female patients with diagnosed moderate chronic generalized periodontitis (К05.31). The participants formed two groups: the main group (76 women) and the control group (33 women). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, FRAХ® and CCI assessed the mineral bone density and patients’ systemic health. Dental status was evaluated using the OHI-S, CAL, PPD, PMA, PI, and PBI. X-ray assessment was based on the Fuchs index for upper and lower jaws, and the mandibular cortical index (MCI) was evaluated by CBCT scans in Galaxis Galileos software (Sirona), Orthophos SL CBCT scanner. The data were statistically analysed using licensed STATISTICA 13.3 software. In descriptive statistics for variables, the median was quartiles corresponding to the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile. The Shapiro-Wilk test and χ2 (chi-square) evaluated the normality of variables.Results. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD) was 4.44 (4.30:4.20:4.50) in the main group. The cumulative change in the clinical attachment level (CAL) was 5.53 (5.50:5.40:5.80), which was significantly higher than the control group parameters (р < 0.001). Bone mineral density of L1-L4 vertebrae corresponded to osteopenia (g/cm2) -0.83 (-080: -0.78: -0.91), spine (Neck) Т-score was -1.70 (-1.7: -2.2: -2.0). In the patients of the control group, the CBCT did not show any signs of inflammatory destruction, and the DXA test did not reveal any loss of bone mineral density.Conclusion. There are mean significant (less than 0.05) correlations between right femoral neck Т-scores and periodontal pocket depth parameters (R = -0.39) and between the same parameter and the clinical attachment level (CAL) (R = -0.37). A significantly high degree of negative correlation is between the spine Т-score of L1-L4 and PPD, correlation coefficient (R = -0.72).
生活在大城市的妇女牙周健康参数与骨矿物质密度之间的病因和关联关系
相关性。骨质疏松症和慢性牙周炎是现代生活中的严重问题。由于缺乏足够的证据,关于这两种疾病相关的假说仍然没有定论,无法澄清事实。研究旨在检测绝经后女性牙周健康参数与矿物质骨密度特征之间的关系。该研究调查了 109 名确诊为中度慢性全身性牙周炎(К05.31)的女性患者。参与者分为两组:主要组(76 名女性)和对照组(33 名女性)。双能 X 射线吸收测量法、FRAХ® 和 CCI 评估了患者的矿物质骨密度和全身健康状况。使用 OHI-S、CAL、PPD、PMA、PI 和 PBI 对牙齿状况进行评估。X 射线评估基于上下颌骨的 Fuchs 指数,而下颌骨皮质指数(MCI)则通过 Galaxis Galileos 软件(西诺德公司)的 CBCT 扫描仪(Orthophos SL CBCT 扫描仪)进行评估。数据使用正版 STATISTICA 13.3 软件进行统计分析。在变量的描述性统计中,中位数是与第 25 百分位数和第 75 百分位数相对应的四分位数。Shapiro-Wilk检验和χ2(卡方)评估了变量的正态性。主要组的牙周袋深度(PPD)为 4.44(4.30:4.20:4.50)。临床附着水平(CAL)的累积变化为 5.53(5.50:5.40:5.80),明显高于对照组参数(р < 0.001)。L1-L4椎体的骨矿密度与骨质疏松症相对应(克/平方厘米)为-0.83(-080:-0.78:-0.91),脊柱(颈部)Т-评分为-1.70(-1.7:-2.2:-2.0)。在对照组患者中,CBCT 没有显示任何炎症破坏的迹象,DXA 测试也没有显示任何骨矿物质密度的损失。右股骨颈Т分数与牙周袋深度参数(R = -0.39)之间以及同一参数与临床附着水平(CAL)(R = -0.37)之间存在平均显着相关性(小于 0.05)。L1-L4的脊柱Т-评分与PPD之间呈明显的高度负相关,相关系数(R = -0.72)。
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