ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF TRITERPENE SAPONINS IN THE BUDS AND LEAVES OF SILVER BIRCH (BETULA PENDULA ROTH.)

Devitskaya V.A., Nesterova O.V., Dobrokhotov D.A., Zhevlakova A.S.
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Abstract

Plants of the Birch family are used in official and folk medicine. The buds and leaves of silver birch are used in the Russian Federation as a diuretic. Standardization of raw materials birch leaves is carried out in accordance with the requirements of FS .2.5.0005.15 “Birch leaves”, assessment of the quality of birch buds is carried out in accordance with FS 2.5.0006.15 “Birch buds”. To improve methods for quality control of birch buds and leaves, the authors proposed analyzing raw materials for the presence of a group of triterpene saponins. The study was carried out using raw materials - leaves and buds of silver birch, which were harvested from wild plants in environmentally safe areas of the Moscow region. The collection of raw materials was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the relevant pharmacopoeial articles, as well as the “Instructions for collecting and drying birch buds.” Drying of silver birch leaves and buds was carried out using the air-shadow method. The dried raw materials were ground in an Ika analytical mill (Germany). Qualitative analysis was carried out with aqueous extracts from the analyzed raw materials using pharmacopoeial reagents used for the detection of saponins. The presence of triterpene saponins was established using qualitative reactions (foaming, with a solution of lead acetate, an alcohol solution of cholesterol, the Lafon reaction) in the leaves and buds of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). The quantitative content of the amount of triterpene saponins in the studied raw materials in terms of oleanolic acid (CO Oleanolic acid analytical standard, AK Scientific, USA) was assessed by direct spectrophotometry on a Specord device at a wavelength of 310 nm. At the sample preparation stage, exhaustive extraction of the raw material was carried out with 70% ethyl alcohol. For the subsequent determination of aglycones of triterpene saponins, sample preparation included the stage of hydrolysis in a hydrolytic mixture obtained by mixing glacial acetic acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid (35-38%), distilled water in a volume ratio of 3.5: 1: 5.5, followed by heating in for 2.5 hours. It has been shown that the content of the sum of triterpene saponins in terms of oleanolic acid is 14.741% for buds, and 11.299% for leaves
银桦(betula pendula roth.)芽和叶中的三萜皂苷含量分析
白桦科植物可用于官方和民间医药。银桦的芽和叶在俄罗斯联邦被用作利尿剂。原材料桦树叶的标准化按照 FS .2.5.0005.15 "桦树叶 "的要求进行,桦树芽的质量评估按照 FS 2.5.0006.15 "桦树芽 "进行。为了改进桦树芽和叶的质量控制方法,作者建议分析原材料中是否含有一组三萜皂甙。研究使用的原材料是银桦树的叶和芽,它们是从莫斯科地区环境安全区域的野生植物中采集的。原材料的采集按照相关药典条款的建议以及 "采集和干燥桦树芽的说明 "进行。银桦树叶和芽的干燥采用空气阴影法。干燥后的原料在 Ika 分析研磨机(德国)中进行研磨。 使用用于检测皂苷的药典试剂对所分析原料的水提取物进行定性分析。在银桦(Betula pendula Roth)的叶子和花蕾中,使用定性反应(醋酸铅溶液发泡、胆固醇醇溶液发泡、拉芳反应)确定了三萜皂苷的存在。 用波长为 310 纳米的 Specord 仪器直接分光光度法,以齐墩果酸(CO 齐墩果酸分析标准,美国 AK Scientific 公司)为单位,评估所研究原料中三萜皂甙的定量含量。在样品制备阶段,用 70% 的乙醇对原料进行了彻底提取。在随后的三萜皂甙苷元测定中,样品制备阶段包括在冰醋酸、浓盐酸(35-38%)和蒸馏水按 3.5:1:5.5 的体积比混合而成的水解混合物中进行水解,然后加热 2.5 小时。结果表明,以齐墩果酸计的三萜皂苷总和含量,芽为 14.741%,叶为 11.299%。
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