DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOMA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS (literature review)

Abstract

The article reflects the main factors influencing the survival of patients. The basic principles of diagnosing melanoma are presented. Methods for diagnosing skin melanoma, including invasive and non-invasive methods, are presented in detail and with justification. Among non-invasive methods for diagnosing skin melanoma, the role of physical examination and dermatoscopy in cases of suspected melanoma is emphasized. Among instrumental examination methods, the use of such research methods as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography is considered. Among laboratory methods, methods of molecular genetic research and determination of biomarkers of skin melanoma are presented. Among the invasive methods, the use of such biopsy methods as excisional and incisional biopsy is considered, with clarification of the indications and contraindications for their use. At the end of the work, the basic requirements for the early diagnosis of skin melanoma are listed. In conclusion, the latest trends in the diagnosis of skin melanoma, new non-invasive methods and an algorithm for diagnosing skin melanoma are identified.