Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Casualties Caused by Wildlife Attacks in Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study examines human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in Peninsular Malaysia, a consequence of human population expansion, natural resource demand, deforestation, resettlement, infrastructure development, urbanization, and agricultural land growth. We analyze HWC incidents and human casualty statistics from wildlife attacks recorded by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, between 2011-2018 and 2008-2019, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected on HWC cases reported to the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia (locally known as PERHILITAN), from 2011 to 2018. This data underwent processing, analysis, and presentation in tables and bar charts. RESULTS: There was an increasing trend in reported HWC cases from 2012 to 2018 (5,602 to 7,967 cases). The majority of these incidents in Peninsular Malaysia involved mammalian species such as the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), elephant (Elephas maximus), civets (Viverridae family), and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), totaling 33,198, 6,614, 3,797, 3,219, and 2,232 cases respectively. Notably, snakes accounted for over 80% of fatalities and injuries. CONCLUSION: This report is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of HWC cases and casualties due to wildlife attacks in Peninsular Malaysia. Our findings highlight the urgent need for policy evaluation and improved inter-agency coordination for effective HWC management, wildlife conservation, and reduction of wildlife attack casualties