Origin of fast charging in hard carbon anodes

IF 60.1 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI:10.1038/s41560-023-01414-5

Yuqi Li, Alexandros Vasileiadis, Quan Zhou, Yaxiang Lu, Qingshi Meng, Yu Li, Pierfrancesco Ombrini, Jiabin Zhao, Zhao Chen, Yaoshen Niu, Xingguo Qi, Fei Xie, Remco van der Jagt, Swapna Ganapathy, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Hong Li, Liquan Chen, Marnix Wagemaker, Yong-Sheng Hu

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Abstract

Transport electrification and grid storage hinge largely on fast-charging capabilities of Li- and Na-ion batteries, but anodes such as graphite with plating issues drive the scientific focus towards anodes with slopped storage potentials. Here we report fast charging of ampere-hour-level full Na-ion batteries within about 9 minutes for continuous 3,000 cycles based on hard carbon anodes. These anodes, in addition to displaying a sloped storage voltage, provide capacity at a nearly constant voltage just above the plating potential, without observing Na-metal plating under high areal capacity. Comparing the electrochemical behaviour of Li and Na in hard carbon through experimental and computational techniques, a unified storage mechanism relying on the dimensions of wedge nanopores and drawing parallels with underpotential deposition for metals is brought forward, providing a rational guide for achieving fast storage in hard carbon anodes. It is challenging to achieve fast-charging, high-performance Na-ion batteries. This study discusses the origin of fast-charging Na-ion batteries with hard carbon anodes and demonstrates an ampere-hour-level, fast-charging, long-cycle-life cylindrical cell under nearly practical conditions.

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硬碳阳极快速充电的起源

交通电气化和电网储能在很大程度上取决于锂离子和镍离子电池的快速充电能力，但石墨等阳极存在的电镀问题促使科学界将重点转向具有倾斜储能电位的阳极。在此，我们报告了基于硬碳阳极的安培小时级全纳离子电池在约 9 分钟内连续 3000 次循环的快速充电。这些阳极除了显示出倾斜的存储电压外，还能在略高于电镀电位的近乎恒定的电压下提供容量，而不会在高电容下观察到金属钠电镀现象。通过实验和计算技术比较硬碳中 Li 和 Na 的电化学行为，提出了一种统一的存储机制，该机制依赖于楔形纳米孔的尺寸，并与金属的欠电位沉积相似，为在硬碳阳极中实现快速存储提供了合理的指导。

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来源期刊

Nature Energy Energy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology

CiteScore

75.10

自引率

1.10%

发文量

193

期刊介绍： Nature Energy is a monthly, online-only journal committed to showcasing the most impactful research on energy, covering everything from its generation and distribution to the societal implications of energy technologies and policies. With a focus on exploring all facets of the ongoing energy discourse, Nature Energy delves into topics such as energy generation, storage, distribution, management, and the societal impacts of energy technologies and policies. Emphasizing studies that push the boundaries of knowledge and contribute to the development of next-generation solutions, the journal serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas among stakeholders at the forefront of the energy sector. Maintaining the hallmark standards of the Nature brand, Nature Energy boasts a dedicated team of professional editors, a rigorous peer-review process, meticulous copy-editing and production, rapid publication times, and editorial independence. In addition to original research articles, Nature Energy also publishes a range of content types, including Comments, Perspectives, Reviews, News & Views, Features, and Correspondence, covering a diverse array of disciplines relevant to the field of energy.