BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT. PART V - ORGANIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES CORRELATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF CERTAIN DISEASES.

P Fedirko, T Babenko, K Kuts, M Pilmane, A Yunga, N Garkava
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The question about correlation between organic and functional changes in persons, exposed to radiation is still insufficiently studied. Dynamics of morbidity for different forms and classes of non-tumour diseases periodisation, proposed by epidemiologists, suggests the identification of three main periods: «early» (the first 6 post-Chornobyl accident years); «distant» (12-21 years) and «late» (22-30 years). However, the correspondence this periodisation to the results of epidemiological data, without taking into account the clinical features of the diseases, may contribute to the impression, that in the first period after a radiation disaster functional disorders (or autonomic regulation disorders, etc.) prevail in all cases. Meanwhile, the data from ophthalmological and neurological studies, which we aim to demonstrate in this paper, rather indicate the presence of a significant morphological basis for the development of functional disorders in early period after a radiation disaster. The objective of this work is analyse modern experimental, epidemiological and clinical data on the correlation between organic and functional changes, characteristic of radiation cerebro-ophthalmological effects - radiation cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, cerebral small vessel disease, and neurocognitive deficits. Materials and methods. The criteria for inclusion in the analytical review were peer-reviewed publications in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and manually selected papers; the results of our own research were also used. An additional analysis of the results of examinations conducted in 1991-2004 was performed, which included a total of 11 123 persons irradiated as the result of catastrophy at the Chornobyl NPP. Results. In the first period of radiation cataract development, which is a specific consequence of radiation exposure, morphological changes (lens opacities) are observed, which lead to a decrease in visual function only later. Analysing the correlation between organic and functional changes in the development of diseases, for which ionising radiation exposure is a significant risk factor, we observe a similar picture. For example, CSVD associated with arterial hypertension may be a manifestation of accelerated aging associated with exposure to ionising radiation.Similarly, the initial signs of age-related macular degeneration in radiation-exposed individuals are usually manifested by changes in the morphology of the retina, choroid, and pigment epithelium in the macular area, while functional disorders in the form of decreased central vision and metamorphopsia, etc., occur later.

作为电离辐射潜在影响目标的大脑和眼睛。第五部分--与某些疾病相关的机体和功能变化。
关于受辐射者的机体变化和功能变化之间的相关性问题,目前仍未得到充分研究。流行病学家提出的不同形式和类别的非肿瘤性疾病的发病率动态时期划分建议确定三个主要时期:"早期"(切尔诺贝利事故后的前六年)、"远期"(12 至 21 年)和 "后期"(12 至 21 年):"早期"(切尔诺贝利事故后的头 6 年)、"远期"(12-21 年)和 "晚期"(22-30 年)。然而,这种时期划分与流行病学数据的结果相对应,而不考虑疾病的临床特征,可能会给人一种印象,即在辐射灾难后的第一阶段,功能性紊乱(或自主神经调节紊乱等)在所有病例中都占主导地位。与此同时,我们在本文中旨在证明的眼科和神经科研究数据却表明,在辐射灾难后的早期阶段,功能性失调的发展存在着重要的形态学基础。这项工作的目的是分析现代实验、流行病学和临床数据,研究辐射脑-眼科效应--辐射白内障、老年性黄斑变性、脑小血管疾病和神经认知障碍--的特征性器质性和功能性变化之间的相关性。材料和方法。纳入分析性综述的标准是在 PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science 上发表的经同行评审的论文,以及人工筛选的论文;同时还采用了我们自己的研究成果。此外,我们还对 1991-2004 年期间进行的检查结果进行了分析,其中包括因切尔诺贝利核电站灾难而受到辐照的 11 123 人。分析结果辐射白内障是辐照的一种特殊后果,在辐射白内障形成的最初阶段,可以观察到形态学变化(晶状体不透明),这种变化只会在后期导致视觉功能下降。在分析电离辐射是重要风险因素的疾病发展过程中器质性和功能性变化之间的相关性时,我们观察到类似的情况。例如,与动脉高血压相关的 CSVD 可能是与暴露于电离辐射相关的加速衰老的一种表现。同样,暴露于辐射的人中与年龄相关的黄斑变性的最初迹象通常表现为黄斑区视网膜、脉络膜和色素上皮细胞形态的变化,而以中心视力下降和变形等形式出现的功能性紊乱则出现得较晚。
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Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii
Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii Medicine-Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
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