{"title":"One-pot directly conversion of passion fruit husk to levulinic acid using highly efficient and recyclable SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids","authors":"Xin-Yu Tian, Ya-Peng Du, Xiao-Ping Zheng, Yu Chai, Yu-Cang Zhang, Yan-Zhen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.108025","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, hydrothermal conversion of passion fruit husk powder (PFHP) into levulinic acid (LA) was achieved using SO<sub>3</sub>H-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) as catalyst. The investigation focused on the impact of IL types and reaction conditions (temperature, time, water quantity and catalyst loading) on LA yield. Among the selected ILs, [C<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>Hmim][HSO<sub>4</sub>] exhibited the highest LA yield at 66.6%, achieved under specific conditions: 4 h of reaction time, 180 °C temperature, 0.2 g of PFHP, 1.5 g of IL, and 6.0 g of deionized water. Remarkably, [C<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>Hmim][HSO<sub>4</sub>] displayed consistent stability and catalytic efficiency throughout four recycling cycles. Comprehensive analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were conducted on the solid residues of passion fruit husk obtained at different reaction times. These analyses revealed significant alterations in surface morphology, functional groups, and crystallinity index of the solid residues with prolonged reaction times. Notably, hemicellulose and lignin removal occurred within the first 0.5–1 h of the reaction, leading to the formation of by-products after 3 h. This one-pot process for LA production from agricultural waste showcases a promising avenue for converting sustainable biomass resources into valuable chemicals, emphasizing the potential for future biomass utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 108025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382023003739/pdfft?md5=1230f9ca2aad3576a777efaf45652ff5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382023003739-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fuel Processing Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382023003739","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this study, hydrothermal conversion of passion fruit husk powder (PFHP) into levulinic acid (LA) was achieved using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) as catalyst. The investigation focused on the impact of IL types and reaction conditions (temperature, time, water quantity and catalyst loading) on LA yield. Among the selected ILs, [C4SO3Hmim][HSO4] exhibited the highest LA yield at 66.6%, achieved under specific conditions: 4 h of reaction time, 180 °C temperature, 0.2 g of PFHP, 1.5 g of IL, and 6.0 g of deionized water. Remarkably, [C4SO3Hmim][HSO4] displayed consistent stability and catalytic efficiency throughout four recycling cycles. Comprehensive analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were conducted on the solid residues of passion fruit husk obtained at different reaction times. These analyses revealed significant alterations in surface morphology, functional groups, and crystallinity index of the solid residues with prolonged reaction times. Notably, hemicellulose and lignin removal occurred within the first 0.5–1 h of the reaction, leading to the formation of by-products after 3 h. This one-pot process for LA production from agricultural waste showcases a promising avenue for converting sustainable biomass resources into valuable chemicals, emphasizing the potential for future biomass utilization.
期刊介绍:
Fuel Processing Technology (FPT) deals with the scientific and technological aspects of converting fossil and renewable resources to clean fuels, value-added chemicals, fuel-related advanced carbon materials and by-products. In addition to the traditional non-nuclear fossil fuels, biomass and wastes, papers on the integration of renewables such as solar and wind energy and energy storage into the fuel processing processes, as well as papers on the production and conversion of non-carbon-containing fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia, are also welcome. While chemical conversion is emphasized, papers on advanced physical conversion processes are also considered for publication in FPT. Papers on the fundamental aspects of fuel structure and properties will also be considered.