A review: The influence of graphene material integration in antenna characteristics in the presence of bias for fifth and sixth generation wireless communication application

IF 2.9 4区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Nano Communication Networks Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI:10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100483

Siti Nor Hafizah Sa'don , Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin , Ayman Althuwayb , Bader Alali

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper reviews the effect of graphene on antenna characteristics for wireless communication based on fifth generation (5 G) and sixth generation (6 G). The integration method of graphene material on antenna structure in the microwave, millimetre wave, and terahertz bands affects various characteristics. By analysing all the graphene antennas using two types of integration methods:graphene as the only radiating element and graphene-hybrid, different improvements in antenna characteristics are collected, including impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna efficiency, tuning capability in resonant frequency as well as radiation pattern, reconfigurable capability, and beam scanning capability. This review found that a graphene antenna that implements hybrid integration in antenna structure at 5 G and 6 G frequency bands shows some of these characteristics, such as good tunable resonant frequency, wide impedance bandwidth, gain improvement, mutual coupling reduction, changing of polarisation, direction of main beam, variation of gain, axial ratio, and efficiency when direct current (DC) biasing or resistance is applied and changed. The graphene antenna that uses graphene as the only radiating patch has a moderately biased effect on microwave frequency with respect to the antenna's performance in the terahertz range because of different behaviour of graphene's conductivity, but it also depends on many factors such as frequency, geometry, and specifications. From this review, it appears that the presence of graphene in the antenna will produce better characteristics. It is an opportunity for antennas for future wireless generation by recommending graphene as the hybrid integration method in the antenna structure.

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综述：石墨烯材料集成对第五代和第六代无线通信应用中存在偏压情况下天线特性的影响

本文综述了石墨烯对基于第五代（5 G）和第六代（6 G）无线通信的天线特性的影响。石墨烯材料在微波、毫米波和太赫兹波段天线结构上的集成方法会影响各种特性。通过分析使用两种集成方法（石墨烯作为唯一辐射元件和石墨烯混合）的所有石墨烯天线，收集了天线特性的不同改进，包括阻抗带宽、辐射模式、天线增益、天线效率、谐振频率和辐射模式的调谐能力、可重构能力和波束扫描能力。本综述发现，在 5 G 和 6 G 频段实现了天线结构混合集成的石墨烯天线显示了这些特性中的一些特性，如良好的可调谐振频率、宽阻抗带宽、增益改善、互耦减小、极化改变、主波束方向、增益变化、轴向比以及施加直流偏压或改变电阻时的效率。使用石墨烯作为唯一辐射贴片的石墨烯天线，由于石墨烯导电性能的不同，在太赫兹范围内对微波频率的性能有适度的偏差影响，但这也取决于频率、几何形状和规格等许多因素。从这篇综述中可以看出，在天线中加入石墨烯会产生更好的特性。建议在天线结构中采用石墨烯作为混合集成方法，这对未来的无线天线来说是一个机遇。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nano Communication Networks Mathematics-Applied Mathematics

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Nano Communication Networks Journal is an international, archival and multi-disciplinary journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in all aspects of nanoscale communication and networking. Theoretical research contributions presenting new techniques, concepts or analyses; applied contributions reporting on experiences and experiments; and tutorial and survey manuscripts are published. Nano Communication Networks is a part of the COMNET (Computer Networks) family of journals within Elsevier. The family of journals covers all aspects of networking except nanonetworking, which is the scope of this journal.