Os Bancos de Desenvolvimento multilaterais, nacionais e subnacionais: os países emergentes e o financiamento ao desenvolvimento

Abstract

Development Banks are financial institutions designed to promote socioeconomic development, infrastructure, reduce inequalities and provide working capital to increase the country’s economic activity. Brazil stands out for the presence of three national development banks: (i) National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES); (ii) Bank of the Northeast of Brazil (BNB); and (iii) Bank of the Amazon (BASA). In addition, there are three subnational banks: (i) Minas Gerais Development Bank (BDMG); (ii) Regional Development Bank of the Far South (BRDE), and the Espírito Santo Development Bank S.A. (BANDES). At the international level, two major groups of multilateral development banks are recognized: (i) the traditional banks that were created in the second half of the 20th century, such as the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB); and (ii) the new multilateral banks, created in the 21st century at the initiative of emerging countries, such as the New Development Bank (NDB) or Bank of the BRICS, the Latin American Development Bank or Andean Development Cooperation (CAF) and the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB). Emerging countries, either by creating national and subnational banks or by taking the initiative to establish new multilateral banks, represent an important group of states to contribute to increasing of investment availability for development and infrastructure.