Biological Precursors of Ethics and Religion. Antonio Damasio and the Homeostatic Imperative

Oreste Tolone
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Abstract

The biological individual and the precursors of ethical-religious action: The most recent reflections in the field of biology and the philosophy of biology have highlighted how complex and little obvious is the idea of a personal, individual identity in the world of life. On one hand, having lost a geno-centric reading, life, right from its first manifestations (bacterial, cellular), appears endowed with subjectivity, which is expressed in multiple and increasingly complex forms; on the other hand, the individual man appears to be the result of the interweaving of several living forms. Using the reflections of Antonio Damasio, the article will try to understand the “precursors” of man’s ethical and religious action – that is, all those biological premises, such as strategies of cooperation and altruism, which emerge as preconditions for a human life. On the other hand, to understand the discontinuities and the specificity of man’s advanced and personal action, which are expressed in cultural life, artificial in general and particularly in ethical and religious interiority.
伦理与宗教的生物学前身。安东尼奥-达马西奥与 "同态 "要求
生物个体与伦理-宗教行动的先驱:生物学和生物学哲学领域的最新思考凸显了生命世界中的个人身份观念是多么复杂和不明显。一方面,由于失去了以基因为中心的解读,生命从其最初的表现形式(细菌、细胞)开始,就被赋予了主体性,并以多种和日益复杂的形式表现出来;另一方面,个体的人似乎是多种生命形式交织在一起的结果。通过安东尼奥-达马西奥(Antonio Damasio)的思考,文章将试图理解人类伦理和宗教行为的 "先驱"--即作为人类生活的先决条件而出现的所有生物前提,如合作和利他主义策略。另一方面,理解人类先进的个人行为的不连续性和特殊性,这些行为表现在文化生活、一般的人为因素,特别是伦理和宗教的内在性中。
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