Changes in soil microbial community structure after fertilisation with organic fertilisers and biological additives

Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI:10.13080/z-a.2023.110.033

Diana Sivojienė, A. Kačergius

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Abstract

Various forms of organic fertilisers are often used in agriculture. It is useful to have information on how microbial communities in arable land are affected by fertilisation with different types of fertilisers. One of the indicators of the stability and fertility of the soil ecosystem is the population structure and abundance of soil microorganisms. The aim of the study was to determine how fertilisation and biological additives affected the most active soil microorganisms of the studied functional groups in 2021 and 2022. It was found that organotrophic (113 ± 3 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and diazotrophic (161 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) bacteria were most abundant in the spring 2021. However, in 2022, the amount of organotrophs decreased, and their abundance was approximately the same throughout the growing season, probably due to a decrease in the amount of free organic matter in the soil. In 2022, the most abundant organotrophs (91 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and diazotrophs (100 ± 1 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) were also in the spring. Organic fertilisers and their different rates had a significant or very significant effect on the abundance of organotrophic, mineral nitrogen-assimilating, and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, except for diazotrophs in treatments with the biological additive Trichoderma spp. In 2021, nitrifiers (162 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and fungi (2.29 ± 0.13 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) were most abundant in the autumn. In 2022, nitrifiers were most abundant in the spring (128 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) but less abundant than in the autumn 2021. During the experimental period, the abundance of fungi and yeasts was highest in the autumn, and this trend was not affected by fertilisation. In the treatments with the biological additive Trichoderma spp., organic fertilisers significantly or very significantly affected the abundance of fungi and yeasts. However, no significant differences were found in the treatments with the biological additive Azotobacter spp.

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施用有机肥和生物添加剂后土壤微生物群落结构的变化

农业中经常使用各种形式的有机肥料。了解耕地中的微生物群落如何受到不同类型肥料的影响是非常有用的。土壤微生物的种群结构和数量是衡量土壤生态系统稳定性和肥力的指标之一。这项研究的目的是确定施肥和生物添加剂如何影响 2021 年和 2022 年所研究功能群中最活跃的土壤微生物。研究发现，2021 年春季，有机营养细菌（113 ± 3 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）和重氮营养细菌（161 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）的数量最多。然而，到了 2022 年，有机营养菌的数量有所减少，在整个生长季中，有机营养菌的数量大致相同，这可能是由于土壤中游离有机物的数量减少所致。2022 年，春季的有机营养体（91 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）和重氮营养体（100 ± 1 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）含量最高。有机肥及其不同施肥量对有机营养细菌、矿物氮同化细菌和非共生重氮细菌的丰度有显著或非常显著的影响，但添加了毛霉属生物添加剂的处理中的重氮细菌除外。在 2021 年，硝化细菌（162 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）和真菌（2.29 ± 0.13 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ）在秋季最多。2022 年，硝化细菌在春季最多（128 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g -1 ），但比 2021 年秋季少。在实验期间，真菌和酵母菌的数量在秋季最多，这一趋势不受施肥的影响。在施用生物添加剂毛霉属的处理中，有机肥对真菌和酵母菌的数量有显著或非常显著的影响。然而，在施用生物添加剂 "Azotobacter spp.

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