The Impact of Lower Apgar Scores on Perinatal Outcomes: A Study of Neonatal Health in Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between Apgar scores and perinatal outcomes is a critical area of study in neonatal health, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the impact of lower Apgar scores on perinatal outcomes, providing valuable insights into neonatal health and the effectiveness of prenatal assessments. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 pregnant women from a medical facility in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants were assessed using the Biophysical Profile (BPP) score and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes post-delivery. The study focused on the association between these scores and perinatal outcomes, including birth asphyxia, neonatal death, and INCU admissions. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of these associations. Result: The majority of the study population were young, with 62% aged between 18-25 years. A significant correlation was found between lower Apgar scores at 1 minute and adverse perinatal outcomes. Specifically, 100% of neonates with a BPP score of 6 had an Apgar score of less than 7 at 1 minute, compared to only 2.65% in the BPP score 10 group. Additionally, 52% of neonates with an Apgar score of less than 7 at 1 minute experienced birth asphyxia, and 48% required INCU admission. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of Apgar and BPP scores in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. Lower Apgar scores at 1 minute post-delivery are significantly associated with negative neonatal health outcomes, emphasizing the need for vigilant prenatal monitoring and preparedness for immediate neonatal care, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. This research contributes to the understanding of neonatal health in such contexts and underscores the importance of predictive assessments in improving perinatal health outcomes.