Estimation of adaptability parameters of winter wheat varieties in the southern part of the Rostov region

Abstract

   Without the use of varieties adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions, it is difficult to obtain consistently high yields. Genotypes must withstand adverse environmental factors and maximize the use of favorable conditions.   The main purpose of the current study was to estimate the adaptability parameters of new winter common wheat varieties, developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the southern part of the Rostov region.   There were analyzed nine winter common wheat varieties according to such forecrops, as grain maize, sunflower, and green manure fallow. Three-factor analysis of variance has shown that external conditions have a major effect on productivity formation of wheat varieties. The main influence on overall productivity was made by various forecrops (factor ‘forecrop’ had 46.3 %). The share of variability due to differences in the conditions of the plants’ vegetation period in different years (the factor ‘year’) was 15.1 %. The interaction of the factors ‘year × forecrop’ made a significant contribution to the overall productivity variability with 20.2 %. Favorable conditions for the formation of wheat varieties’ productivity were determined when sown in green manure fallow with the indices of environmental conditions (Ij = +12.8). The least favorable conditions were with maize for grain (Ij = 0.1) and the worst with sunflower (Ij = -12 ,9). On average, over the years of the study (2021–2023), the productivity of winter common wheat varieties ranged from 74.7 hwt/ha for the variety ‘Ayuta’ to 84.4 hwt/ha for the variety ‘Premiera’. Productivity mainly changed according to the forecrops, from 61.8 hwt/ha for the variety ‘Ayuta’ sown after sunflower to 100.4 hwt/ha for the variety ‘Premiera’ sown in green manure fallow. The varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Premiera’ had the best parameters of adaptability and productivity; these genotypes could be recommended for breeding for adaptability and use in production.