Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of Gustatory and Olfactory System

Abstract

The olfactory system is involved in detecting potential threats in the environment, generating sensations of enjoyment, facilitating proper nourishment, impacting sexual behavior, and regulating mood. Concurrently, the human taste system identifies hydrophilic molecules dissolved in saliva. The purpose of this review was to offer a thorough depiction of the human gustatory and olfactory systems. The various regions of the brain and the taste pathways transmit and receive information through distinct mechanisms. The taste circuits and various regions of the brain interconnect bidirectionally. The peripheral subdivision of the olfactory system consists of the olfactory epithelium and nerve fascicles. On the other hand, the central subdivision includes the olfactory bulb and its links to the central nervous system. Olfactory dysfunction (smell) and gustatory dysfunction (taste) can manifest independently or together. The robust correlation between olfaction and gustation engenders a gustatory feeling. Disruption of a feeling can alter the sense of flavor. Human olfactory and taste senses become less sensitive as they age.