Utilidad de la identificación de anticuerpos en miopatías inflamatorias: revisión

Abstract

Introduction

The discovery of specific autoantibodies meant a significant milestone in mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) diagnosis. This granted serological findings to be taken into account along with traditional ones – as clinical and histopathological – in diagnosis criteria, resulting in a new classification consensus.

Objectives

To describe myositis-specific antibodies (AEM) and myositis-associated antibodies (AAM), to describe methodologies for AEM and AAM identification, to define their utility and convenience in daily clinical practice.

Development

AEMs are classified as follows: anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAS), anti-Mi-2 (nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex), anti-SRP (signal recognition particle), anti-TIF1γ (transcription intermediary factor 1γ), anti-NXP-2 (Nuclear Matrix Protein 2), anti-MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene 5), anti-SAE (Small ubiquitin-like modifier activating-enzyme), anti-HMGCR (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) and anti-cN-1A (Cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase 1A) and MAA: anti-PM/Scl (Exosome Protein Complex PM/Scl75/100), anti-U1-RNP (U1 small nuclear RNP), anti-Ku (DNA-PK regulatory subunit), anti-Ro/SSA (Sjögren's syndrome related antigen A).

Conclusions

The incorporation of serological criteria in IIM diagnosis criteria led to a new classification consensus, resulting in the tracing and identification of homogeneous patient populations. Such outline provides an opportunity to improve and empower clinical trials when it comes to determine treatments directed to different patient subgroups.