Source, distribution, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment and fish samples from River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria.

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY
Frontiers in toxicology Pub Date : 2023-11-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.3389/ftox.2023.1250943
Akinyinka Akinnusotu, Justina E Ukpebor, Felix E Okieimen
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent environmental contaminants that present several environmental risks including human health. The 16 priority PAHs including its 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene were determined in sediment and fish samples (Clarias anguillaris and Oreochromis niloticus) of River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) and other standard laboratory protocols. The isomeric ratio was used for source diagnosis, sediment quality guidelines, and risk models of incremental lifetime cancer were used for risk assessment. 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene were most predominant in all sediment samples analysed. The ∑LMW PAHs ranged between 0.093-0.250 μg/kg; ∑HMW PAHs were 0.107-0.579 μg/kg. The sediment samples range for ∑PAHs was 0.280-0.810 μg/kg with concentration order of increase: SE5>SE4>SE3>SE6>SE1>SE2>SE7 for the seven sampling locations. The ∑PAHs for Oreochromis niloticus was 0.190 μg/kg, which is higher than the value of Clarias anguillaris 0.080 μg/kg, and these values were greatly lesser when compared to the European Commission limit of 12.00 μg/kg. The diagnostic ratio indicates that the sources are more pyrogenic than petrogenic, revealing combustion from grass, wood, and bush burning. Sediment quality assessment showed that the ∑PAHs were lower than the regulatory values of sediment quality guidelines (SQG) assessment suggesting no ecotoxicological effects on the benthic organisms in this area at present. The Incremental Life Cancer Risk results were in the range of 9.15 × 10-12-1.46 × 10-6 for children, and 7.78 × 10-12-1.76 × 10-6 for adults considering the three routes of exposure. The incremental life cancer risk assessment showed a negligible risk.

尼日利亚埃多州奥万河沉积物和鱼类样本中多环芳烃的来源、分布和风险评估。
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一种持久性环境污染物,对环境和人类健康都有风险。采用配备火焰离子化检测器 (FID) 的气相色谱法 (GC) 和其他标准实验室规程,测定了尼日利亚埃多州奥万河的沉积物和鱼类样本(Clarias anguillaris 和 Oreochromis niloticus)中的 16 种重点多环芳烃,包括 1-甲基萘和 2-甲基萘。异构体比率用于来源诊断,沉积物质量准则和增量终生癌症风险模型用于风险评估。在所有分析的沉积物样本中,1-甲基萘和 2-甲基萘占绝大多数。∑低分子量多环芳烃的含量范围为 0.093-0.250 微克/千克;∑高分子量多环芳烃的含量范围为 0.107-0.579 微克/千克。沉积物样品中的∑PAHs 在 0.280-0.810 μg/kg 之间,浓度依次增加:七个采样点的浓度依次为:SE5>SE4>SE3>SE6>SE1>SE2>SE7。罗非鱼的∑PAHs为0.190 μg/kg,高于鳗鲡的0.080 μg/kg,与欧盟委员会规定的12.00 μg/kg的限值相比,后者要低得多。诊断比率表明,污染源的热源性比石化源性更强,揭示了草、木和灌木燃烧的情况。沉积物质量评估显示,∑PAHs 低于沉积物质量准则(SQG)评估的监管值,表明目前对该地区的底栖生物没有生态毒理影响。考虑到三种接触途径,儿童和成人的生命致癌风险递增值分别为 9.15 × 10-12-1.46 × 10-6 和 7.78 × 10-12-1.76 × 10-6。增量生命癌症风险评估显示风险可忽略不计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
13 weeks
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