Ozone in the adjunct medical treatment. The round personality of a molecule with hormetic properties.

Salvatore Chirumbolo, Umberto Tirelli, Marianno Franzini, Sergio Pandolfi, Giovanni Ricevuti, Francesco Vaiano, Luigi Valdenassi
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Abstract

Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen, is enjoying an increasing interest in the setting and management of the medical adjunct treatment, which is called, maybe too simplistically, "ozone therapy". Ozone is not a medicine, so the word therapy does not properly fit this gaseous molecule. Like many natural compounds, for example plant flavonoids, even ozone interacts with aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) and, at low doses, it works according to the paradoxical mechanism of hormesis, involving mitochondria (mitohormesis). Ozone, in the hormetic range, exerts cell protective functions via the Nrf2-mediated activation of the anti-oxidant system, then leading to anti-inflammatory effects, also via the triggering of low doses of 4-HNE. Moreover, its interaction with plasma and lipids forms reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipoperoxides (LPOs), generally called ozonides, which are enabled to rule the major molecular actions of ozone in the cell. Ozone behaves as a bioregulator, by activating a wide population of reactive intermediates, which usually target mitochondria and their turnover/biogenesis, often leading to a pleiotropic spectrum of actions and behaving as a tuner of the fundamental mechanisms of survival in the cell. In this sense, ozone can be considered a novelty in the medical sciences and in the clinical approach to pharmacology and medical therapy, due to its ability to target complex regulatory systems and not simple receptors.

辅助医疗中的臭氧。具有激素特性的分子的圆形个性。
臭氧是氧气的一种同素异形体,它在医疗辅助治疗的设置和管理方面受到越来越多的关注。臭氧不是药物,因此 "治疗 "一词并不适合这种气体分子。与许多天然化合物(例如植物黄酮类化合物)一样,臭氧也会与芳基烃受体(AhRs)发生作用,而且在低剂量时,臭氧会根据涉及线粒体的 "激素作用"(mitohormesis)的矛盾机制发挥作用。在荷尔蒙作用范围内,臭氧通过 Nrf2 介导的抗氧化系统激活发挥细胞保护功能,然后通过引发低剂量的 4-HNE 产生抗炎作用。此外,臭氧与血浆和脂质的相互作用会形成活性氧(ROS)和脂过氧化物(LPO),一般称为臭氧化物(ozonides)。臭氧是一种生物调节剂,它激活了大量的活性中间产物,这些中间产物通常以线粒体及其周转/生物生成为目标,通常会产生多方面的作用,并成为细胞内基本生存机制的调节器。从这个意义上说,由于臭氧能够针对复杂的调节系统,而不是简单的受体,它可以被视为医学科学以及药理学和医学治疗临床方法中的一个新事物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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