Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation.

Abstract

Background: Sulfasalazine induced cytopenia, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity is uncommon during long-term treatment. Some guidelines recommend three monthly monitoring blood-tests indefinitely while others recommend stopping monitoring after one year. To rationalise monitoring we developed and validated a prognostic model for clinically significant blood, liver, or kidney toxicity during established sulfasalazine treatment. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: UK primary-care. Data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum formed independent development and validation cohorts. Participants: Age ≥18 years, new diagnosis of an inflammatory condition and sulfasalazine prescription. Study period: 01/01/2007 to 31/12/2019. Outcome: Sulfasalazine discontinuation with abnormal monitoring blood-test result. Analysis: Patients were followed-up from six months after first primary-care prescription to the earliest of outcome, drug discontinuation, death, 5 years, or 31/12/2019.Penalised Cox regression was performed to develop the risk equation. Multiple imputation handled missing predictor data. Model performance was assessed in terms of calibration and discrimination. Results: 8,936 participants were included in the development cohort (473 events, 23,299 person-years) and 5,203 participants were included in the validation cohort (280 events, 12,867 person-years).Nine candidate predictors were included. The optimism adjusted R2D and Royston D statistic in the development data were 0.13 and 0.79 respectively. The calibration slope (95% confidence interval (CI)) and Royston D statistic (95% CI) in validation cohort was 1.19 (0.96-1.43) and 0.87 (0.67-1.07) respectively. Conclusion: This prognostic model for sulfasalazine toxicity utilises readily available data and should be used to risk-stratify blood-test monitoring during established sulfasalazine treatment.