Ukrainian and Russian in the lexicon of Ukrainian Suržyk: reduced variation and stabilisation in central Ukraine and on the Black Sea coast

IF 0.9 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Gerd Hentschel
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Abstract

The subject of this study is the so-called “Surzhyk”, a mixed Ukrainian-Russian variety used by millions of people in Ukraine, sometimes alongside Ukrainian and, less commonly, alongside Russian. More specifically, the focus here is on the lexicon, addressing the following questions: (i) To what extent is the mixed speech lexicon influenced by Ukrainian or Russian? (ii) Does the distribution of Ukrainian or Russian lexemes reveal a reduction in variation, i.e. patterns of stabilisation? In other words, are there tendencies for one of the two competing, synonymous, or functionally equivalent Ukrainian or Russian lexemes to prevail over the other?

Many Ukrainian linguists have stereotypically claimed for years that the distribution of Ukrainian and Russian elements in Surzhyk is unpredictable, spontaneous, if not chaotic. It is worth noting that these opinions are not based on comprehensive, systematic empirical evidence and largely ignore theoretical developments in the field of code-mixing.

In contrast, by means of a quantitative analysis of an extensive corpus and a focus on intra-sentential code-mixing, this study demonstrates that the majority of recorded lexical Ukrainian-Russian competitions exhibit a clear fixation on one of the two expressions, resulting in a reduction in variation. In these instances, one of the two expressions prevails extensively across the entire region of Central Ukraine and the Black Sea Coast. Surzhyk is evidently evolving towards a “fused lect”. A smaller portion of the examined instances reveals such stabilisation only in certain parts of the survey area, and another equally small portion exhibits widespread variability. In general, Ukrainian and Russian lexemes are roughly balanced in quantity.

Abstract Image

乌克兰苏尔日克语词典中的乌克兰语和俄语:乌克兰中部和黑海沿岸的变异减少和趋于稳定
本研究的主题是所谓的 "苏尔日克语",这是乌克兰数百万人使用的一种乌克兰语-俄语混合语,有时与乌克兰语并用,有时与俄语并用,但不常见。更具体地说,本文的重点是词库,探讨以下问题:(i) 混合语音词库在多大程度上受乌克兰语或俄语的影响? (ii) 乌克兰语或俄语词库的分布是否显示出变化的减少,即稳定模式?换句话说,在两个相互竞争、同义或功能等同的乌克兰语或俄语词库中,是否存在一个词库压倒另一个词库的趋势?多年来,许多乌克兰语言学家一直刻板地声称,乌克兰语和俄语元素在苏尔日克语中的分布是不可预测的、自发的,甚至是混乱的。值得注意的是,这些观点并非基于全面、系统的经验证据,而且在很大程度上忽视了语码混用领域的理论发展。相反,通过对大量语料进行定量分析,并重点关注句内语码混用,本研究证明,大多数记录在案的乌克兰语-俄语竞争词都明显固定在两种表达方式中的一种,导致变化减少。在这些情况下,两种表达方式中的一种在整个乌克兰中部和黑海沿岸地区广泛流行。显然,苏尔日克语正在向 "融合的语言 "演变。在所研究的实例中,有一小部分仅在调查地区的某些地方显示出这种稳定性,而另一小部分则表现出广泛的变异性。总体而言,乌克兰语和俄语词汇在数量上大致平衡。
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来源期刊
RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS
RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Russian Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the empirical and theoretical study of Russian and other Slavic languages in all their diversity. It is open to all areas of linguistics, welcoming empirical, theoretical and applied approaches as well as in-depth qualitative and larger-scale quantitative studies from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Russian Linguistics publishes three types of articles: 1) original articles as full reports of data from own research, 2) reviews of recent research (not older than 2 years), 3) squibs as shorter contributions initiating discussions relevant within their field and to the specific question they address. The journal invites submissions written in English or Russian. It is recommended to write in English in order to facilitate a wider outreach in the linguistic community.
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