Classification and mineralization of global lithium deposits and lithium extraction technologies for exogenetic lithium deposits

IF 4.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
China Geology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.31035/cg2023061
Mian-ping Zheng , En-yuan Xing , Xue-fei Zhang , Ming-ming Li , Dong Che , Ling-zhong Bu , Jia-huan Han , Chuan-yong Ye
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Abstract

A reasonable classification of deposits holds great significance for identifying prospecting targets and deploying exploration. The world’s keen demand for lithium resources has expedited the discovery of numerous novel lithium resources. Given the presence of varied classification criteria for lithium resources presently, this study further ascertained and classified the lithium resources according to their occurrence modes, obtaining 10 types and 5 subtypes of lithium deposits (resources) based on endogenetic and exogenetic factors. As indicated by surveys of Cenozoic exogenetic lithium deposits in China and abroad, the formation and distribution of the deposits are primarily determined by plate collision zones, their primary material sources are linked to the anatectic magmas in the deep oceanic crust, and they were formed primarily during the Miocene and Late Paleogene. The researchers ascertained that these deposits, especially those of the salt lake, geothermal, and volcanic deposit types, are formed by unique slightly acidic magmas, tend to migrate and accumulate toward low-lying areas, and display supernormal enrichment. However, the material sources of lithium deposits (resources) of the Neopaleozoic clay subtype and the deep brine type are yet to be further identified. Given the various types and complex origins of lithium deposits (resources), which were formed due to the interactions of multiple spheres, it is recommended that the mineralization of exogenetic lithium deposits (resources) be investigated by integrating tectono-geochemistry, paleoatmospheric circulation, and salinology. So far, industrialized lithium extraction is primarily achieved in lithium deposits of the salt lake, clay, and hard rock types. The lithium extraction employs different processes, with lithium extraction from salt lake-type lithium deposits proving the most energy-saving and cost-effective.

©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.

全球锂矿床的分类和矿化以及外生锂矿床的提锂技术
对矿床进行合理分类对确定勘探目标和部署勘探工作具有重要意义。全球对锂资源的殷切需求加速了众多新型锂资源的发现。鉴于目前对锂资源的分类标准不一,本研究根据锂资源的成矿模式,对锂资源进行了进一步的确认和分类,得到了基于内生和外生因素的10种类型和5个亚型的锂矿床(资源)。国内外新生代外生锂矿床调查表明,这些矿床的形成和分布主要由板块碰撞带决定,其主要物质来源与深海地壳中的无生界岩浆有关,主要形成于中新世和晚古新世。研究人员确定,这些矿床,尤其是盐湖、地热和火山矿床类型的矿床,是由独特的微酸性岩浆形成的,倾向于向低洼地区迁移和堆积,并显示出超常富集。然而,新古生代粘土亚型和深层卤水型锂矿床(资源)的物质来源还有待进一步确定。鉴于锂矿床(资源)的类型多样、成因复杂,是由多个球体相互作用形成的,建议综合构造地球化学、古大气环流和盐碱学等研究外生锂矿床(资源)的成矿作用。迄今为止,工业化提锂主要是在盐湖、粘土和硬岩类型的锂矿床中实现的。锂的提取采用了不同的工艺,其中从盐湖型锂矿床中提取锂最为节能和经济。
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来源期刊
China Geology
China Geology GEOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
11.10%
发文量
275
审稿时长
16 weeks
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