Waste bio-tar based N-doped porous carbon for supercapacitors under dual activation: performance, mechanism, and assessment

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Biochar Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI:10.1007/s42773-023-00293-z

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Abstract

Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health. A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this study. One-pot dual-activation played significant roles in N-functional group and micro-mesoporous structure, which resulted in the carbon material with the highest of nitrogen content (4.08%) and the special surface area (1298.26 m²·g⁻¹). Specifically, the potential mechanisms of pore formation and N-doping in the one-pot dual-activation strategy were also proposed as a consequence, the one-pot dual-activated carbon material displayed excellent electrochemical performance with the highest capacitance of 309.5 F·g⁻¹ at 0.5 A·g⁻¹, and the unipolar specific capacitance remained with cyclic characteristics of 80.1% after 10,000 cycles in two-electrode symmetric system. Furthermore, the one-pot dual-activation strategy could create a profit of $1.64–$2.38 per kilogram of bio-tar processed without considering the initial investment and labor costs, which provides new perspectives for the utilization of waste bio-tar.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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双重活化条件下用于超级电容器的废生物塔基掺杂氮的多孔碳：性能、机理和评估

摘要生物质热解过程中产生的生物焦油容易对环境和人类健康造成威胁。本研究以生物焦油为原料，在尿素和 KOH 的双重活化下制备了一种新型 N 掺杂多孔电极。一锅双活化法在氮官能团和微多孔结构中发挥了重要作用，从而得到了含氮量最高（4.08%）、比表面积最大（1298.26 m2-g-1）的碳材料。具体而言，还提出了一锅双活化策略中孔隙形成和氮掺杂的潜在机制，因此，一锅双活化碳材料显示出优异的电化学性能，在 0.5 A-g-1 条件下电容最高达 309.5 F-g-1，在双电极对称体系中循环 10,000 次后，单极比电容仍保持 80.1% 的循环特性。此外，在不考虑初始投资和人工成本的情况下，一锅双活化策略可为每公斤生物焦油创造 1.64 美元至 2.38 美元的利润，这为废弃生物焦油的利用提供了新的前景。图表摘要

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.