Exploring cross-protective effects between cold and immune stress in Drosophila melanogaster

IF 2.3 2区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY
Parasite Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI:10.1051/parasite/2023055
Jakob Wiil, Jesper Givskov Sørensen, H. Colinet
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

It is well established that environmental and biotic stressors like temperature and pathogens/parasites are essential for the life of small ectotherms. There are complex interactions between cold stress and pathogen infection in insects. Possible cross-protective mechanisms occur between both stressors, suggesting broad connectivity in insect stress responses. In this study, the functional significance of these interactions was tested, as well as the potential role of newly uncovered candidate genes, turandot. This was done using an array of factorial experiments exposing Drosophila melanogaster flies to a combination of different cold stress regimes (acute or chronic) and infections with the parasitic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Following these crossed treatments, phenotypic and molecular responses were assessed by measuring 1) induced cold tolerance, 2) immune resistance to parasitic fungus, and 3) activation of turandot genes. We found various responses in the phenotypic outcomes according to the various treatment combinations with higher susceptibility to infection following cold stress, but also significantly higher acute cold survival in flies that were infected. Regarding molecular responses, we found overexpression of turandot genes in response to most treatments, suggesting reactivity to both cold and infection. Moreover, maximum peak expressions were distinctly observed in the combined treatments (infection plus cold), indicating a marked synergistic effect of the stressors on turandot gene expression patterns. These results reflect the great complexity of cross-tolerance reactions between infection and abiotic stress, but could also shed light on the mechanisms underlying the activation of these responses.
探索寒冷和免疫应激对黑腹果蝇的交叉保护作用
众所周知,温度和病原体/寄生虫等环境和生物压力因素对小型变温动物的生活至关重要。昆虫冷胁迫与病原菌感染之间存在复杂的相互作用。这两种应激源之间可能存在交叉保护机制,表明昆虫应激反应具有广泛的连通性。在这项研究中,测试了这些相互作用的功能意义,以及新发现的候选基因图兰朵的潜在作用。这是通过一系列的因子实验来完成的,这些实验将黑胃果蝇暴露在不同的冷应激机制(急性或慢性)和寄生真菌白僵菌感染的组合中。在这些交叉处理之后,通过测量1)诱导的耐寒性,2)对寄生真菌的免疫抗性,以及3)图兰朵基因的激活来评估表型和分子反应。我们发现,根据不同的治疗组合,表型结果有不同的反应,在冷应激后对感染的易感性更高,但在感染的果蝇中,急性冷存活率也显著提高。在分子反应方面,我们发现图兰朵基因对大多数治疗反应过表达,表明对感冒和感染都有反应。此外,在感染加冷联合处理下,显著观察到最大峰值表达,表明应激源对图兰朵基因表达模式有显著的协同作用。这些结果反映了感染和非生物应激之间交叉耐受反应的复杂性,但也可能揭示这些反应激活的机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Parasite
Parasite 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
6.90%
发文量
49
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Parasite is an international open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal publishing high quality papers on all aspects of human and animal parasitology. Reviews, articles and short notes may be submitted. Fields include, but are not limited to: general, medical and veterinary parasitology; morphology, including ultrastructure; parasite systematics, including entomology, acarology, helminthology and protistology, and molecular analyses; molecular biology and biochemistry; immunology of parasitic diseases; host-parasite relationships; ecology and life history of parasites; epidemiology; therapeutics; new diagnostic tools. All papers in Parasite are published in English. Manuscripts should have a broad interest and must not have been published or submitted elsewhere. No limit is imposed on the length of manuscripts, but they should be concisely written. Papers of limited interest such as case reports, epidemiological studies in punctual areas, isolated new geographical records, and systematic descriptions of single species will generally not be accepted, but might be considered if the authors succeed in demonstrating their interest.
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