Material flow and material footprint in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar

IF 3.7 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Marianne Faith Martinico-Perez , Anthony SF. Chiu , Kevin John Laganao , Cristina Beatrice Mallari , James Ladd Molina , Xiaoling Wang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has been widely used to understand the physical economy of the country and its implication on the economic and environmental issues. By subscribing to the data on Global Material Flow Database released by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Resource Panel, the material flow account and derived indicators of Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar were assessed from 1970 to 2019. Results show that the Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) of these countries grew from fourfold to ninefold from 1970 to 2019, with the dominance of biomass despite the increasing share of nonmetallic minerals. The DMC per capita of Myanmar (3.97 tonnes/capita) remained to be within the agrarian socio metabolic regime, while Cambodia (7.39 tonnes/capita) and Lao PDR (14.33 tonnes/capita) are amidst the transition to industrial socio metabolic regime. Material footprint of Lao PDR in 2019 is dominated by nonmetallic minerals with 50% share, while biomass has the highest share in Cambodia and Myanmar. The growing affluence in these countries has been the major driver of material consumption. While trends of relative decoupling of economic growth and material consumption have occurred in Myanmar and Cambodia, the growth of Lao PDR's DMC surpassed the GDP from 2012 up to the recent year. This analysis of material flow indicators to monitor progress on SDG 8.4 and 12.2 for Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao PDR shall serve as basis for policy development in relation to these country's material consumption.

柬埔寨、老挝和缅甸的物质流和物质足迹
物质流分析法(MFA)被广泛用于了解国家的物质经济及其对经济和环境问题的影响。通过订阅联合国环境规划署(UNEP)国际资源小组发布的全球物质流数据库数据,对柬埔寨、老挝和缅甸 1970 年至 2019 年的物质流账户和衍生指标进行了评估。结果显示,从1970年到2019年,这些国家的国内物质消费(DMC)增长了4倍到9倍,尽管非金属矿物的份额不断增加,但生物质能占主导地位。缅甸的人均 DMC(3.97 吨/人)仍处于农业社会代谢体系中,而柬埔寨(7.39 吨/人)和老挝人民民主共和国(14.33 吨/人)正处于向工业社会代谢体系的过渡中。老挝人民民主共和国 2019 年的物质足迹以非金属矿为主,占 50%的份额,而生物质在柬埔寨和缅甸所占份额最高。这些国家日益富裕是物质消费的主要驱动力。虽然缅甸和柬埔寨出现了经济增长与物质消费相对脱钩的趋势,但从 2012 年到最近一年,老挝人民民主共和国的 DMC 增长超过了 GDP。为监测缅甸、柬埔寨和老挝人民民主共和国在可持续发展目标 8.4 和 12.2 方面的进展情况而对物质流指标进行的分析,将作为这些国家制定物质消费政策的依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cleaner and Responsible Consumption
Cleaner and Responsible Consumption Social Sciences-Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
99 days
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