Economic impacts of reducing methane emissions in British Columbia’s oil and natural gas sectors: Taxes vs technology standards

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Mallory Long , Patrick Withey , Dave Risk , Van Lantz , Chinmay Sharma
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Abstract

As countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions to fight the potential impacts of climate change, increasing attention is being paid to methane, which is roughly 34 times more potent than CO2 over a 100-year time span. Governments in many jurisdictions aim to reduce methane by 45–75% in oil and gas sectors by 2030. Methane reductions are often achieved by implementing new technologies and operational techniques, but jurisdictions have discussed the implementation of a methane tax. While several studies have focused on the financial costs of reducing methane emissions through adopting new technologies, little information exists on the economy-wide impacts of these initiatives and the effectiveness of different policy tools. We develop a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for British Columbia, Canada, to evaluate the economy wide impacts of methane technology standards versus taxes. Findings indicate that methane can be reduced by 75% by 2030 using technology standards at a loss of 0.0089% of GDP in 2030. Impacts associated with a methane tax will range from a loss of 0.0071–0.18% in 2030, depending on whether new technologies are assumed to be adopted. If a sufficiently high methane tax incentivizes adoption of new technology, the negative impacts of a tax are lower than that of a standard once the policy is fully implemented. While the overall economy-wide impact of a technology standard is relatively low, we find that it is as much as 65% higher than the direct costs.

减少不列颠哥伦比亚省石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的经济影响:税收与技术标准
随着各国减少温室气体排放以应对气候变化的潜在影响,甲烷受到越来越多的关注,在 100 年的时间跨度内,甲烷的效力大约是二氧化碳的 34 倍。许多国家政府的目标是到 2030 年将石油和天然气行业的甲烷排放量减少 45-75%。甲烷减排通常通过实施新技术和操作技术来实现,但各辖区也讨论过甲烷税的实施。虽然有几项研究侧重于通过采用新技术减少甲烷排放的财务成本,但有关这些举措对整个经济的影响以及不同政策工具的有效性的信息却很少。我们为加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省建立了一个动态可计算一般均衡模型,以评估甲烷技术标准与税收对整个经济的影响。研究结果表明,到 2030 年,采用技术标准可将甲烷排放量减少 75%,而 2030 年的 GDP 损失为 0.0089%。与甲烷税相关的影响将在 2030 年损失 0.0071-0.18% 不等,这取决于是否假定会采用新技术。如果足够高的甲烷税能激励新技术的采用,那么一旦政策全面实施,甲烷税的负面影响将低于标准税。虽然技术标准对整个经济的影响相对较低,但我们发现它比直接成本高出 65%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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