The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review

Brain-X Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI:10.1002/brx2.46
Jiangyu Long, Mohuan Tang, Mengting Zuo, Wenbo Xu, Siyu Meng, Zhaoying Liu
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Abstract

The genus Gelsemium belongs to the family Loganiaceae, one of the traditional Chinese herbs. Gelsemium is traditionally used to treat rheumatoid and neuropathic pain. Its root extracts were found to protect against anxiety, especially the alkaloids koumine and gelsemine. Indeed, koumine and gelsemine can act as positive agonists of the glycine receptor (GlyR), which reduces neuronal excitability through chloride influx and can also increase neuroactive steroid content by enhancing 3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α-HSOR) expression. The latter can activate the excitation-inhibitory response via the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), reduce the abnormal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) increase in the hypothalamus, inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion, and effectively inhibit the abnormal ACTH and corticosterone increases in the circulation. In addition, koumine and gelsemine inhibited the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and regulating anxiety-related neural circuits. Gelsemine also inhibited the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hypothalamus to maintain the plasticity of brain neurons and protect neurogenesis to achieve anxiety regulation. In general, this article reviews the recent studies on Gelsemium in the anxiety field, discusses its possible antianxiety mechanism, and confirms the potential of Gelsemium as a therapeutic drug for anxiety-related diseases.

Abstract Image

传统中药材 Gelsemium 中的两种主要活性成分 Koumine 和 gelsemine 的抗焦虑作用:综述
明胶属属于络石科,是传统的中草药之一。Gelsemium 传统上用于治疗类风湿和神经性疼痛。研究发现,其根部提取物,尤其是生物碱 koumine 和 gelsemine,具有抗焦虑的作用。事实上,koumine 和 gelsemine 可作为甘氨酸受体(GlyR)的正激动剂,通过氯化物的流入降低神经元的兴奋性,还可通过增强 3α-羟基类固醇氧化还原酶(3α-HSOR)的表达来增加神经活性类固醇的含量。后者可通过γ-氨基丁酸 A 型受体(GABAAR)激活兴奋抑制反应,降低下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)的异常升高,抑制促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的分泌,有效抑制血液循环中促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮的异常升高。此外,koumine 和 gelsemine 还能抑制 NLR 家族含吡啶域 3(NLRP3)炎性体的表达,抑制炎性因子的释放,调节与焦虑相关的神经回路。Gelsemine还能抑制脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)在下丘脑中的过度表达,从而维持大脑神经元的可塑性,保护神经发生,达到调节焦虑的目的。总之,本文回顾了近期有关格列齐特在焦虑领域的研究,探讨了其可能的抗焦虑机制,并证实了格列齐特作为焦虑相关疾病治疗药物的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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