Mosquito swarms shear harden

IF 1.8 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

The European Physical Journal E Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI:10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00379-3

Andy M. Reynolds

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Abstract

Recently Cavagna et al. (Sci Rep 13(1): 8745, 2023) documented the swarming behaviors of laboratory-based Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Here key observations from this 3D-video tracking study are reproduced by a minimally structured (maximum entropy) stochastic trajectory model. The modelling shows that in contrast with midge swarms which are a form of collective behavior, unperturbed mosquito swarms are more like collections of individuals that independently circulate around a fixed location. The modelling predicts the observed response Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in wild swarms to varying wind speeds (Butail et al. in J Med Entomol 50(3): 552–559, 2013). It is shown that this response can be attributed to shear hardening. This is because mosquitoes are found to be attracted to the centre of the swarm by an effective force that increases with increasing flight speed. Mosquitoes can therefore better resist the influence of environmental disturbances by increasing their flight speeds. This contrasts with other emergent mechanical-like properties of swarming which arise accidentally without a change in an individual’s behavior. The new results add to the growing realization that perturbations can drive swarms into more robust states.

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蚊群剪切变硬

最近，Cavagna 等人（Sci Rep 13(1)：8745, 2023）记录了实验室冈比亚按蚊的蜂群行为。本文通过一个最小结构（最大熵）随机轨迹模型再现了这项三维视频追踪研究的主要观察结果。模型显示，与蠓群这种集体行为不同，未受干扰的蚊群更像是个体的集合，它们围绕一个固定地点独立活动。该模型预测了在野生蚊群中观察到的冈比亚按蚊对不同风速的反应（Butail et al：552-559, 2013).研究表明，这种反应可归因于剪切硬化。这是因为蚊子被一种有效的力量吸引到蚊群中心，这种力量随着飞行速度的增加而增加。因此，蚊子可以通过提高飞行速度来更好地抵御环境干扰的影响。这与蜂群中其他类似机械的新兴特性形成了鲜明对比，后者是在个体行为没有改变的情况下偶然产生的。人们越来越认识到，扰动可以促使蚊群进入更稳健的状态。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

The European Physical Journal E CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： EPJ E publishes papers describing advances in the understanding of physical aspects of Soft, Liquid and Living Systems. Soft matter is a generic term for a large group of condensed, often heterogeneous systems -- often also called complex fluids -- that display a large response to weak external perturbations and that possess properties governed by slow internal dynamics. Flowing matter refers to all systems that can actually flow, from simple to multiphase liquids, from foams to granular matter. Living matter concerns the new physics that emerges from novel insights into the properties and behaviours of living systems. Furthermore, it aims at developing new concepts and quantitative approaches for the study of biological phenomena. Approaches from soft matter physics and statistical physics play a key role in this research. The journal includes reports of experimental, computational and theoretical studies and appeals to the broad interdisciplinary communities including physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and materials science.