An Increase in the Level of Intracellular Serotonin in Blastomeres Leads to the Disruption in the Spiral Cleavage Pattern in the Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis
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Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is known as a substance with a wide range of physiological effects. At the same time, its presence in the cells of the developing embryo is already shown from the earliest stages of development. However, the effect of increasing the level of intracellular serotonin on the processes of cleavage in representatives of Spiralia has not been studied in detail. For the first time, we investigated changes in the pattern of spiral cleavage in the freshwater mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis after incubation of eggs (during 24 h, from the stage of zygote/2 blastomeres) in a solution with serotonin—5-HTP precursor. During cleavage, the mutual arrangement of blastomeres was disrupted in all experimental embryos, starting from the apical rosette stage until the early gastrula. The delay in cytotomy of the blastomeres of the A and C quadrants led to the displacement of blastomeres in all quadrants, including B and D, as a result of which the blastomeres acquired contacts that are unusual for them normally. Subsequently, 80% of the embryos of the experimental group had irreversible impairment of gastrulation and the formation of exogastrula. In embryos that successfully passed gastrulation, malformations of the eyes and shell were observed in 10–15% of cases. Our results show that an increase in the level of intracellular serotonin leads to a disturbance of the mutual arrangement of blastomeres in a representative of Spiralia and may also lead to disorders of further development.
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